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In a world challenged by cultural diversity, this article aims to look at the great diversity of languages and cultures that coexist within the European Union. Building on the story of the Tower of Babel that explains, from a religious point of view, the cultural and linguistic diversity existing in the European Union, the authors tried to contextualize EU’s motto of unity in diversity, interpreted as an ideal involving a lot of effort and sometimes even many conflicts, but one that we should all fight for and strive to maintain.

The book examines the development and maintenance of a minority language, engaging on both micro and macro levels to address open questions in the field.Guardado provides a history of the study of language maintenance, including discussion of language socialization, cosmopolitan identities, and home practices.

\"This book explores both theoretical and practical issues of language use in a migration context, using a mixed-method approach. The unique interview data on which the analysis is based (and therefore the lens through which these issues are viewed) stem from the German urban immigrant community in Canada, but the results and findings have implications for situations of migration throughout this increasingly globalized world. Through this transcontinental perspective, this book makes a new contribution to the literature on both language and identity and language and globalization. Drawing on an interactional analysis, the focus in this book is on the relationship between interactional intricacies and larger questions in society addressing the ways in which migrants' moves between places affects the construction of their identities as well as sociolinguistic spaces at large. This includes the dynamic positioning of migrants, the use of multilingual tools as well as non-linguistic resources and the ways in which language attitudes may affect all of these. \"-- Provided by publisher.

This book explores individual language policy among bilingual youth who belong to different ethnic minority groups in Vietnam, through vivid stories detailing their life with multiple languages. It examines the youth's daily language behaviours through the unique theoretical lens ofindividual language policy, and the ways in which this policy interacts with and is influenced by language policies at macro, meso and micro level. It contributes to research on language and identity, and language policy in non-Anglophone societies and will appeal to a broad international readership, including researchers in sociolinguistics, teachers working with ethnic minority students and policymakers concerned with minority language maintenance around the world.

01 02 Minority Languages in the Linguistic Landscape provides an innovative approach to the written displays of minority languages in public space. It explores minority language situations through the lens of linguistic landscape research. Based on very tangible data it explores the 'same old issues' of language contact and language conflict in new ways. It deepens our understanding of language policies, power relations and ideologies.   The chapters cover a wide geographic area, ranging from Sámi in the far North, to Basque, Catalan and Corsican in the South. From the town of Dingle on the West coast of Ireland to the cities of Kiev and Chisinau in the East of Europe, including the contrasting cases of Israel and Brunei. Combining theoretical approaches from various disciplines to provide a framework which connects real bottom-up data with more abstract research on minority languages, this book will be useful for researchers and students in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and policy sciences, as well as for policy makers. 31 02 Providing an innovative approach to the written displays of minority languages in public space this, volume explores minority language situations through the lens of linguistic landscape research 13 02 DURK GORTER Ikerbasque research professor at the University of the Basque Country, Spain. He researches on multilingualism, European minority languages and linguistic landscapes and has published numerous books and articles on those themes. HEIKO F. MARTEN Researcher and lecturer in linguistics at Tallinn University, Estonia. He has published on multilingualism, language policy and minority languages in different European contexts, including his 2009 volume Languages and Parliaments. LUK VAN MENSEL Researcher at the University of Namur, Belgium. He has published on economic aspects of multilingualism and on Dutch, French and foreign language proficiency, in particular in Belgium. 02 02 Providing an innovative approach to the written displays of minority languages in public space this volume explores minority language situations through the lens of linguistic landscape research. Based on very tangible data it explores the 'same old issues' of language contact and language conflict in new ways.  04 02 List of Contributors Overview Map of Cases Discussed in this Book Studying Minority Languages in the Linguistic Landscape; H.F.Marten , L.Van Mensel & D.Gorter PART I: LANGUAGE IDEOLOGIES AND LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE 'Latgalian is not a Language': Linguistic Landscapes in Eastern Latvia and how they Reflect Centralist Attitudes; H.F.Marten Transgression as the Norm: Russian in Linguistic Landscape of Kyiv, Ukraine; A.Pavlenko Minority Semiotic Landscapes: An Ideological Minefield?; M.Hornsby & D.Vigers Language Ideological Debates in the Linguistic Landscape of an Irish Tourist Town; M.Moriarty Linguistic Landscape as a Tool for Interpreting Language Vitality: Arabic as a 'Minority' Language in Israel; E.Shohamy & M.A.Ghazaleh-Mahajneh PART II: LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE AND LANGUAGE POLICY Policies vs. Non-policies: Analysing Regional Languages and the National Standard in the Linguistic Landscape of French and Italian Mediterranean Cities; R.Blackwood & S.Tufi Two-way Traffic: How Linguistic Landscapes Reflect and Influence the Politics of Language; G.Puzey The Revitalization of Basque and the Linguistic Landscape of Donostia-San Sebastián; D.Gorter , J.Aiestaran & J.Cenoz All is Quiet on the Eastern Front? Language Contact along the French-German Language Border in Belgium; L.Van Mensel & J.Darquennes PART III: THE DISTRIBUTIVE APPROACH TO LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE The Linguistic Landscape of Three Streets in Barcelona: Patterns of Language Visibility in Public Space; E.Long & L.Comajoan The Linguistic Landscapes of Chi?in?u and Vilnius: Linguistic Landscape and the Representation of Minority Languages in Two Post-Soviet Capitals; S.Muth Multilingual Societies Versus Monolingual States: the Linguistic Landscapes in Italy and Brunei Darussalam; P.Coluzzi Using Linguistic Landscape to Examine the Visibility of Sámi Languages in the North Calotte; H.Salo PART IV: FRESH PERSPECTIVES ON LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE Discourse Coalitions For and Against Minority Languages on Signs: Linguistic Landscape as a Social Issue; E.Szabó-Gilinger , M.Sloboda , L.Šimi?i? & D.Vigers The Linguistic Landscape of Educational Spaces: Language Revitalization and Schools in Southeastern Estonia; K.D.Brown The Material Culture of Multilingualism; L.Aronin & M.Ó Laoire Minority Languages through the Lens of the Linguistic Landscape; L.Van Mensel , H.F.Marten & D.Gorter Index 19 02 This book explores the debate on Minority Languages by examining it through a fresh lens - Linguistic Landscape research Looks at signs across Europe, Eastern Europe and Israel The volume editors are amongst the founding scholars of this new research angle in sociolinguistics Includes many cutting-edge contributions from young scholars

Ethnic minority groups in Western countries face an increased risk of psychotic disorders. Causes of this long-standing public health inequality remain poorly understood. We investigated whether social disadvantage, linguistic distance and discrimination contributed to these patterns. We used case-control data from the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study, carried out in 16 centres in six countries. We recruited 1130 cases and 1497 population-based controls. Our main outcome measure was first-episode ICD-10 psychotic disorder (F20-F33), and exposures were ethnicity (white majority, black, mixed, Asian, North-African, white minority and other), generational status, social disadvantage, linguistic distance and discrimination. Age, sex, paternal age, cannabis use, childhood trauma and parental history of psychosis were included as a priori confounders. Exposures and confounders were added sequentially to multivariable logistic models, following multiple imputation for missing data. Participants from any ethnic minority background had crude excess odds of psychosis [odds ratio (OR) 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-2.43], which remained after adjustment for confounders (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.31-1.98). This was progressively attenuated following further adjustment for social disadvantage (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22-1.89) and linguistic distance (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.95-1.57), a pattern mirrored in several specific ethnic groups. Linguistic distance and social disadvantage had stronger effects for first- and later-generation groups, respectively. Social disadvantage and linguistic distance, two potential markers of sociocultural exclusion, were associated with increased odds of psychotic disorder, and adjusting for these led to equivocal risk between several ethnic minority groups and the white majority.

This volume explores the socio-political dynamics, historical forces, and unequal power relationships which mediate language ideologies in Mexican higher education settings, shedding light on the processes by which minority students learn new languages in post-colonial contexts. Drawing on data from a critical ethnographic case study of a Mexican university over several years, the book turns a critical lens on language learning autonomy and the use of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in post-colonial higher education settings, and advocates for an approach to the language learning and teaching process which takes into account minority language learners’ cultural heritage and localized knowledge. Despagne also showcases this approach in the unique research methodology which underpins the data, integrating participatory methods such as Interpretative Focus Groups in an attempt to decolonize research by engaging and involving participants in the analysis of data. Highlighting the importance of critical approaches in encouraging the equitable treatment of diverse cultures and languages and the development of agency in minority language learners, this book will be key reading for researchers in sociolinguistics, educational linguistics, applied linguistics, ethnography of communication, and linguistic anthropology.

Thebook outlines the evolution and role of minority languages locally and nationally; it investigates current educational language policies in minority areas; and it assesses the social and economic outcomes of language change for communities in contemporary China.