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Wound is defined as the damage to biological tissues including skin, mucous membranes and organ tissues. The acute wound heals in less than 4 weeks without complications, while a chronic wound takes longer than 6 weeks to heal. Wound healing occurs in 4 phases, namely, coagulation, inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases. Triclosan and benzalkonium chloride are commonly used as skin disinfectants in wound healing. However, they cause allergic contact dermatitis and antibiotic resistance. Medicinal plants are widely studied due to the limited availability of wound healing agents. The present review included six commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia such as Aloe barbadensis Miller, Carica papaya Linn., Centella asiatica Linn., Cymbopogon nardus Linn., Ficus benghalensis Linn. and Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. Various search engines and databases were used to obtain the scientific findings, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed Central and Research Gate. The review discussed the possible mechanism of action of medicinal plants and their active constituents in the wound healing process. In addition, their application in nanotechnology and wound dressings was also discussed in detail.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive non-skin malignancy in women worldwide, and it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in them. Nigella sativa Linn. seed oil has been found to be effective in cancer treatment as well as having anti-cancer properties in some other types of cancers. The study looked into the synergistic cytotoxic effects of N. sativa Linn. seed oil and doxorubicin in the treatment of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).Nigella sativa Linn. seed oil was used to evaluate its effect on human breast cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with doxorubicin. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests were used to examine cell proliferation and cell viability, while phase-contrast inverted microscopy was used to examine cellular morphology. Furthermore, the role of N. sativa seed oil in decreasing cell tumorigenicity features was highlighted by testing the cancer cell migration using the wound healing assay.Results showed that higher concentrations (50 μg/mL) of N. sativa Linn. seed oil changed the breast cancer cell morphology and decreased the cell proliferation and viability. Breast cancer cells treated with black seed oil decreased cell movement after 24 hours compared to the untreated cell in the wound healing assay. Whereas, only the higher concentration of doxorubicin (0.5–2.5 μg/mL) reduced cell proliferation and cell viability. Moreover, the combination treatment of 50 μg/mL of black seed oil with different concentrations of doxorubicin caused a significant cell proliferation reduction and decreased cell viability. The activity was seen optimum at lower concentration (0.1 µg/mL) of doxorubicin.There was decreased cell proliferation and cell viability when N. sativa seed oil was used alone or in conjunction with doxorubicin in Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) revealing potential opportunities in the field of cancer treatment.

When linn meyers began making graph paper drawings in the early aughts, they served as preparatory works for her larger paintings and site-specific installations. Over time these drawings have become a body of work unto themselves.

Garlic ( Allium sativum Linn) has been known and used as therapeutic agents to prevent several pathologies diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of five garlic extracts, namely, aqueous garlic extract (AGE), methanol garlic extract (MGE), ethyl acetate garlic extract, EAGE), and n -hexane garlic extract (HGE) against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne sp. and termite, Nasutitermes sp. The nematicidal and termiticidal activities of five garlic extracts were performed at concentration of 10; 25; and 50%. The nematicidal assay revealed that aqueous garlic extract (AGE) and ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE) have higher activities against Melodogyne sp at all concentrations tested at 5 h of time incubation with the percentages of viabilities between 4.67%-15.63% and 0%-10.23% respectively. Meanwhile, the termiticidal assay results showed that aqueous garlic extract (AGE), ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE), and n -hexane garlic extract (HGE) have stronger activity against Melodogyne sp at all concentrations tested at 8 h of time incubation with the percentages of viabilities of the extracts were 0%. Overall, the results showed that ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE) has highest activity against Meloidogyne sp , while the n-hexane garlic extract (HGE) has strongest activity against Nasutitermes sp.

The current study was undertaken to estimate the proximate and micronutrient analysisof the leaf powders of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Annona squamosa Linn., Moringa oleifera Lam., Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn.and Terminalia catappa Linn. Determination of biochemical contents was performed by different biochemical methods. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Annona squamosa Linn., Moringa oleifera Lam., Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn. And Terminalia catappa Linn.leaf powdersexhibited the presence of all the essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins in good amounts and holda good proximate and mineral value. The plant leaf powders can thus be looked forward as the probable sources for food supplementation and medicinal foods, after further investigation of the anti-nutritive factors present in them and their enzymatic and molecular effect on human health.The high minerals, vitamins and proteins content could be explored in the development of nutraceuticals and can also be used as food ingredients for human or animal diet.

New and creative methodologies for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which are exploited in a wide range of consumer items, are of significant interest. Hence, this research emphasizes the biological approach of Ag-NPs through Egyptian henna leaves ( Lawsonia inermis Linn.) extracts and analysis of the prepared Ag-NPs. Plant extract components were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-mass). The analyses of prepared Ag-NPs were carried out through UV–visible (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. UV–Vis reveals that Ag-NPs have a maximum peak at 460 nm in visible light. Structural characterization recorded peaks that corresponded to Bragg’s diffractions for silver nano-crystal, with average crystallite sizes varying from 28 to 60 nm. Antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs were examined, and it is observed that all microorganisms are very sensitive to biologically synthesized Ag-NPs.

Objective: Evaluate the abilities of plant extracts used for urolithiasis in –vitro models can be served as an aid in the evaluation of novel treatments for urolithiasis. Methods: The powdered material (1.5 kg) was subjected for extraction with various solvent in soxhlet apparatus and microwave assisted extraction based on increasing polarity in order of petroleum ether (60-80°C), chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol, aqueous. Ethanolic extracts of whole plants was assessed for its protective and curative activity in urolithiasis. In vitro experiments (nucleation, aggregation and microscopic assay's) were performed to test the anti-urolithiasis activity of microwave assisted extracted Cissampelos pareira Linn, Fragaria vesca Linn and Biophytum sensitivum Linn extracts. These ethanol extracts were tested at increasing concentration of 100, 200, 400 ug/ml and compared with the standard drug cystone. Results: The extracts were tested for the inhibition percentage of antiurolithiasis potential against preformed calcium oxalate crystal. The % inhibition rates of nucleation of caOx by cystone is 44.776%, 54.526%, 75.31% at 100 (μg/mL), 200 (μg/mL), 400 (μg/mL) respectively, while in Cissampelous pareira L (CP), Fragarica vesca (FV) L, Biophytum sensitivum L (BS) shows high % inhibition at 400 (μg/mL) i.e 68.556, 69.54±1.38, 64.630±0.66. combination of Extract shows higher % inhibition i.e 79.813±0.42 which gives more effective than standard cystone drug. The results of ethanol extracts of Cissampelos pareira Linn (49.98%), Fragaria vesca Linn (46.406%) and Biophytum sensitivum Linn (46.406%) on Aggregation assy were found to be significant and the ethanol leaf extract showed considerable inhibition compared to standard cystone (65.096%) drug. Combination of extract with 400ug/ml shows best result i.e 89.353%. Conclusion: Cissampelos pareira linn, Fragaria vesca linn and Biophytum sensitivum linn extracts in combination were effective on urolithiasis. KEYWORDS: Cissampelos pareira linn, Fragaria vesca linn, Biophytum sensitivum linn, Urolithiasis.

Solanum nigrum Linn., is a common edible medicinal herb of the Solanaceae family which is native to Southeast Asia and is now widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of Europe, Asia, and America. Traditionally, it has been used to treat various cancers, acute nephritis, urethritis, leucorrhea, sore throat, toothache, dermatitis, eczema, carbuncles, and furuncles. Up to now, 188 chemical constituents have been identified from S. nigrum . Among them, steroidal saponins, alkaloids, phenols, and polysaccharides are the major bioactive constituents. Investigations of pharmacological activities of S. nigrum revealed that this edible medicinal herb exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potential, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective activities both in vivo and in vitro . This article presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of the botanical, traditional uses, phytochemical compositions, pharmacological properties, clinical trials, and toxicity of S. nigrum to provide the latest information for further exploitation and applications of S. nigrum in functional foods and medicines.

This article describes and illustrates (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu from a morphological perspective, based on field survey, indoor potting and garden cultivation, and observations gleaned from these activities. This variety is closely related to Franch, H. Li et V. G. Soukup, G. W. Hu & Q. F. Wang and Smith var. Franch, but differs from these in having the following characteristics: flower parts with a basic number of 4–8, petals far shorter than sepals, linear-virgate, bottom linear, gradually thickening upward, erect, never extend or curved, apex rounded or obtuse, and connectivum projecting.