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"Lithuania Social conditions."
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The making of modern Lithuania
This book explores the making of modern Lithuania, arguing that, contrary to contemporary Lithuanian nationalist rhetoric, Lithuanian nationalism was modern and socially constructed in the period from the emergence of the Lithuanian national movement in the late 19th century to the birth of an independent state in 1918.
Book
Jews in Poland-Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century
Missing from most accounts of the modern history of Jews in Europe is the experience of what was once the largest Jewish community in the world—an oversight that Gershon David Hundert corrects in this history of Eastern European Jews in the eighteenth century. The experience of eighteenth-century Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth did not fit the pattern of integration and universalization—in short, of westernization—that historians tend to place at the origins of Jewish modernity. Hundert puts this experience, that of the majority of the Jewish people, at the center of his history. He focuses on the relations of Jews with the state and their role in the economy, and on more \"internal\" developments such as the popularization of the Kabbalah and the rise of Hasidism. Thus he describes the elements of Jewish experience that became the basis for a \"core Jewish identity\"—an identity that accompanied the majority of Jews into modernity.
eBook
Beyond the “Shtetl”: Small-Town Family Networks and the Social History of Lithuanian Jews
This article explores family networks as an understudied yet crucial feature of the social life of small-town Jews in the Russian Empire, focusing in particular on the Lithuanian town of Darbėnai. Family networks allowed Jews to function successfully in the “frontier” environment of the small-town setting, enabling them both to pursue economic opportunity across entire regions and to protect themselves against the challenges of living at a distance from large urban centers. Jews of different classes and genders all relied on family networks, albeit in ways that reflected their varied interests and positions within small-town societies. By revealing the geographical mobility, interaction among cultures, and constant social and economic change that characterized Jewish life in small towns, the study of family networks powerfully challenges the mythology of the “shtetl” that has frequently informed our understanding of these locales.
Journal Article
Baltic facades : Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania since 1945
\"The three so-called 'Baltic states'--Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania--are commonly regarded by outsiders as a single entity. But in reality they are quite distinct countries, each one struggling to find its own place within Europe while preserving a personal identity and local traditions. Baltic Facades presents a radical new reading of these states, with a fresh and up-to-date examination of their individual politics, economies and social and cultural trends. By dispelling the myth of a single, coherent Baltic identity, Aldis Purs is able to take account of the uniqueness of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, while examining the anxieties that their peoples feel about their own identities and how others see them. Giving equal weight to developments in politics, economics, and social and cultural trends, Purs develops a thematic framework that places contemporary events in a longer perspective than traditional Cold War-inspired views of the region. His book will appeal in particular to intellectually curious readers, those who seek an account of the Baltic nations that provides a strong sense of place and reaches beyond the restrictions of traditional political history.\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Adopting and remembering Soviet reality : life stories of Lithuanian women, 1945-1970
For millions of people, the Soviet experience meant not only living through the torment of Stalinism and the GULAG, the unbelievable destiny of men and women during the 1917 Revolution, civil war, and the Second World War, or those breathtaking, gigantic Socialist construction projects. Many citizens of the former Soviet Union lived \"ordinary lives in ordinary times\", where the fate of men and women depended not on armed coercion, but Soviet ideology and propaganda. Adopting and Remembering Soviet Reality contains the stories of ten women, talking about their lives in Soviet Lithuania, one of the annexed Baltic republics. The book gives a compelling account of how, in the last years of Stalin's rule, after 1945, during the so-called \"Khrushchev Thaw\", and in the beginning of the \"Stagnation Era\", Soviet ideology transfused the everyday life of women and dictated just about every major aspect of their lives. Based on interviews, the journalistic press of that era, as well as other material, the book reveals how propaganda shaped women's understanding of family and work responsibilities, child care, interpersonal relationships, romantic love, and friendship.
eBook
Marginality without Benefits
This article analyzes female conversion from Judaism to Catholicism in the Russian Empire and its increasing popularity in the late Imperial period. Research presented here focuses on the so-called Lithuanian guberniyas and the upsurge of female conversions to Catholicism in 1870–1915. It seeks to embed this phenomenon within broader and multifaceted changes and ruptures in the Jewish community, conditioned by the ongoing social, economic, and cultural shifts in the region. Drawing on scarce, but nonetheless fascinating, conversional documentation, the article suggests that religious conversion to Catholicism at the turn of the twentieth century had become one of the pathways taken by Jewish women who were confronting modernity and were, like many Jews at the time regardless of their gender, seeking a way out of the increasingly intolerable situation in the empire. As other Jews, and men especially, took alternative paths of advancement, such as reimagining Jewish existence within the country or outside it (Socialism, Zionism, emigration), Jewish women in Lithuanian guberniyas added conversion to Catholicism to the spectrum of means to redefine their existence as young Jews in the Russian Empire.
Journal Article
Lithuania Society & Culture Complete Report
Need to know it all? Our all-inclusive culture report for Lithuania will get up to speed on all aspects of culture in Lithuania, including lifecycle, religion, women, superstitions & folklore, sports, holidays & festivals, and etiquette.
eBook
Post-communist democratisation in Lithuania : elites, parties, and youth political organisations, 1988-2001
Post-Communist Democratisation in Lithuania: Elites, Parties, and Youth Political Organisations. 1988 - 2001 explains post-communist changes in Lithuania. The transformation of political party system, political elites and youth political organisations in Lithuania are examined in light of democratisation in other post-communist countries. By linking theories of democratisation and elites to actual events, the book provides an analytical framework for interpreting political regime change and development in Lithuania. The book is based on five assumptions: (1) democratisation in Lithuania belongs to a 'Western type' of democratic development; (2) elites and nationalism were the major forces in modernisation; (3) Lithuanian elites have used the favourable conditions of perestroika and were the major actors in regime transformation; (4) the crop of political elites in Lithuania undergoes a generational change, and youth political organisations are very important in this process as they serve as schools for future politicians; and (5) class theory is less useful than elite theory when analysing the process of democratisation in Lithuania.
eBook
Malke Berlant’s 1836 Yiddish Guide for “The Happy Mother
Malke Berlant, one of three Jewish professional midwives active in Vilna in the first half of the nineteenth century who left their mark on the Jewish public life of that period, was the author of Di gliklikhe mutter (Vilna 1836), the first modern Yiddish printed guidebook for pregnant women, mothers of newborns and young children. This article explores the general historical and cultural background and context in which the guidebook was authored and published. It presents the phenomenon of academic institutions (mainly in Vilna) open to Jewish women at this early stage, with the intention of training qualified midwives. Berlant’s book includes new insights regarding pregnancy, childbirth, baby care and child-raising. Some of these rules negated widely accepted norms and traditions. The main purpose of the book was to expose the lay female reader to the advantages of modern medicine and persuade her to avoid the traditional “experts” and their healing methods.
Journal Article