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A must-read for transit buffs, From a Nickel to a Token chronicles twenty specific events in the history of New York City's mass transit systems between 1940 and 1968, including large numbers of rare photos. Streetcars \"are as dead as sailing ships,\" said Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia in a radio speech, two days before Madison Avenue's streetcars yielded to buses. LaGuardia was determined to eliminate streetcars, demolish pre-1900 elevated lines, and unify the subway system, a goal that became reality in 1940 when the separate IRT, BMT, and IND became one giant system under full public control. In this fascinating micro-history of New York's transit system, Andrew Sparberg examines twenty specific events between 1940 and 1968, book ended by subway unification and the MTA's creation. From a Nickel to a Token depicts a potpourri of well-remembered, partially forgotten, and totally obscure happenings drawn from the historical tapestry of New York mass transit. Sparberg deftly captures five boroughs of grit, chaos, and emotion grappling with a massive and unwieldy transit system. During these decades, the system morphed into today's familiar network. The public sector absorbed most private surface lines operating within the five boroughs, and buses completely replaced streetcars. Elevated lines were demolished, replaced by subways or, along Manhattan's Third Avenue, not at all. Beyond the unification of the IND, IRT, and BMT, strategic track connections were built between lines to allow a more flexible and unified operation. The oldest subway routes received much needed rehabilitation. Thousands of new subway cars and buses were purchased. The sacred nickel fare barrier was broken, and by 1968 a ride cost twenty cents. From LaGuardia to Lindsay, mayors devoted much energy to solving transit problems, keeping fares low, and appeasing voters, fellow elected officials, transit management, and labor leaders. Simultaneously, American society was experiencing tumultuous times, manifested by labor disputes, economic pressures, and civil rights protests. Featuring many photos never before published, From a Nickel to a Token is a historical trip back in time to a multitude of important events.

Regional PM.sub.2.5 transport is an important cause of atmospheric environment change. However, the variations in regional PM.sub.2.5 transport on a synoptic scale with meteorological drivers have been incomprehensively understood. Therefore, this study is targeted at the quasi-weekly oscillation (QWO) of regional PM.sub.2.5 transport over central and eastern China (CEC) with the influence of synoptic-scale disturbance of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) circulation. By constructing the data of daily PM.sub.2.5 transport flux in CEC in the winters of 2015-2019, we utilize the extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) decomposition and other statistical methods to extract the moving spatial distribution of regional PM.sub.2.5 transport over CEC, recognizing the QWO in regional PM.sub.2.5 transport with the spatial-temporal variations over CEC. The source-receptor relationship in regional transport of PM.sub.2.5 is identified with the 2 d lag effect of the North China Plain, as the upwind source region, on the PM.sub.2.5 pollution change in the Twain-Hu Basin, as the downwind receptor region in central China. The QWO of regional PM.sub.2.5 transport over CEC is regulated by the synoptic-scale disturbance of the EAWM circulation with the periodic activities of the Siberian high. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of regional PM.sub.2.5 transport with the source-receptor relationship and the meteorological mechanism in atmospheric environment change.

This paper is aimed at exploring and expanding the concept of mobility culture(s) (MC), with regard to its influence on public transportation (PT) usage share. Despite some factors being positively correlated with collective modes, the modal split is often skewed in favour of private or individual ones. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of 70 cities in Germany and Italy is conducted, employing geographically weighted regression (GWR) to assess the impact of some factors on the local share of PT. Factors examined include land use diversity, fare integration, service quality (measured as level of service), scheduling regularity and characteristics of the transit network maps. The findings of the study provide new perspectives on MC and suggest strategies for promoting sustainable and equitable transportation systems.

Transportation is one of the biggest challenges facing the Bay Area today. To build good transit, the discussion needs to focus on what matters -- quality of service, a range of transit riders, the role of buildings, streets and sidewalks, and, above all, getting transit in the right places.

Winner of the 2015 American Planning Association New York Metro Chapter Journalism AwardThe State of New York is now building one of the world's longest, widest, and most expensive bridges-the new Tappan Zee Bridge-stretching more than three miles across the Hudson River, approximately thirteen miles north of New York City. InPolitics Across the Hudson, urban planner Philip Plotch offers a behind-the-scenes look at three decades of contentious planning and politics centered around this bridge, recently renamed for Governor Mario M. Cuomo, the state's governor from 1983 to 1994. He reveals valuable lessons for those trying to tackle complex public policies while also confirming our worst fears about government dysfunction. Drawing on his extensive experience planning megaprojects, interviews with more than a hundred key figures-including governors, agency heads, engineers, civic advocates, and business leaders-and extraordinary access to internal government records, Plotch tells a compelling story of high-stakes battles between powerful players in the public, private, and civic sectors. He reveals how state officials abandoned viable options, squandered hundreds of millions of dollars, forfeited more than three billion dollars in federal funds, and missed out on important opportunities. Faced with the public's unrealistic expectations, no one could identify a practical solution to a vexing problem, a dilemma that led three governors to study various alternatives rather than disappoint key constituencies. This revised and updated edition includes a new epilogue and more photographs, and continues where Robert Caro'sThe Power Brokerleft off and illuminates the power struggles involved in building New York's first major new bridge since the Robert Moses era. Plotch describes how one governor, Andrew Cuomo, shrewdly overcame the seemingly insurmountable obstacles of onerous environmental regulations, vehement community opposition, insufficient funding, interagency battles, and overly optimistic expectations...

Policymakers are regularly confronted by complaints that ordinary people are left out of the planning and managing of complex infrastructure projects. In this book, Sebastián Ureta argues that humans, both individually and collectively, are always at the heart of infrastructure policy; the issue is how they are brought into it. Ureta develops his argument through the case of Transantiago, a massive public transportation project in the city of Santiago, proposed in 2000, launched in 2007, and in 2012 called \"the worst public policy ever implemented in our country\" by a Chilean government spokesman. Ureta examines Transantiago as a policy assemblage formed by an array of heterogeneous elements -- including, crucially, \"human devices,\" or artifacts and practices through which humans were brought into infrastructure planning and implementation. Ureta traces the design and operation of Transantiago through four configurations: crisis, infrastructuration, disruption, and normalization. In the crisis phase, humans were enacted both as consumers and as participants in the transformation of Santiago into a \"world-class\" city, but during infrastructuration the \"active citizen\" went missing. The launch of Transantiago caused huge disruptions, in part because users challenged their role as mere consumers and instead enacted unexpected human devices. Resisting calls for radical reform, policymakers insisted on normalizing Transantiago, transforming it into a permanent failing system. Drawing on Chile's experience, Ureta argues that if we understand policy as a series of heterogeneous assemblages, infrastructure policymaking would be more inclusive, reflexive, and responsible.

This research aims to analyze the territorial urban strategy entitled transit-oriented development (TOD), a methodology originated in the United States, which for at least 30 years has been little discussed and applied in Brazil. Faced with the challenges imposed in the 21st century in terms of sustainability and the projection of upward population growth of Brazilian cities, DOT planning is a viable concrete alternative for the transformation of today's dispersed, distant, and disconnected (3D) cities into future compact, connected and coordinated urban complexes (3C). Thus, based on the characterization of the DOT, it has led to the conclusion that this methodology is suitable for application in Brasilia, Federal District, so that mass transport planning in the city would integrate with urban planning, in a fairer and more equitable way. Keywords: TOD. Urban Integration. Urban Planning. Urban Mobility. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a analise da estrategia territorial urbanistica intitulada desenvolvimento orientado ao transporte--DOT, uma metodologia oriunda dos Estados Unidos, que ha pelo menos 30 anos, vem sendo discutida e aplicada de forma pontual no Brasil. Diante dos desafios impostos ao seculo XXI no tocante a sustentabilidade e a projecao de crescimento populacional ascendente das cidades brasileiras o planejamento DOT e uma alternativa concreta viavel para a transformacao das cidades hoje dispersas, distantes e desconectadas (3D) para futuros complexos urbanos compactos, conectados e coordenados (3C). Desta forma, a partir da caracterizacao do DOT, conclui-se que essa metodologia e adequada para aplicacao em Brasilia, Distrito Federal, de maneira que haja a integracao do planejamento do transporte de massa da cidade com o planejamento urbano, de forma mais justa e igualitaria. Palavras-chave: DOT. Integracao Urbana. Planejamento Urbano. Mobilidade Urbana. Esta investigacion tiene como objetivo el analisis de la estrategia territorial urbana denominada desarrollo orientado al transporte--DOT, metodologia originaria de Estados Unidos, que desde hace al menos 30 anos, ha sido discutida y aplicada de manera puntual en Brasil. Frente a los desafios impuestos en el siglo XXI en materia de sustentabilidad y el proyectado crecimiento poblacional ascendente de las ciudades brasilenas, la planificacion DOT es una alternativa concreta viable para transformar las ciudades dispersas, distantes y desconectadas (3D) de hoy en complejos urbanos compactos, conectados y coordinados (3C). De esta manera, a partir de la caracterizacion del DOT, se concluye que esta metodologia es adecuada para su aplicacion en Brasilia, Distrito Federal, de manera que exista la integracion de la planificacion del transporte masivo de la ciudad con la planificacion urbana, de una manera mas justa e igualitaria. Palabras clave: DOT. Integracion Urbana. Urbanismo. Movilidad Urbana.