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\"Globalization in Prehistory challenges traditional historical and archaeological discourse about the drivers of social and cultural connectivity in the ancient world. It presents archaeological case studies of emerging globalization from around the word, from the Mesolithic period, through the Bronze and Iron Ages, to more recent historical times. The volume focuses on those societies and communities that history has bypassed - nomads, pastoralists, fishers, foragers, pirates and traders, among others. It aims for a more complex understanding of the webs of connectivity that shaped communities living outside and beyond the urban, agrarian states that are the mainstay of books and courses on ancient civilizations and trade. Written by a team of international experts, the rich and variable case studies demonstrate the important role played by societies that were mobile and dispersed in the making of a more connected world long before the modern era\"-- Provided by publisher.

Analyzes the rise and fall of the Red de Trueque (launched in 1995 by a group of environmentalists who exchanged goods and services at their own 'market' using a system of mutual credit) in Argentina. This book identifies rules of governance and sustainability for institutional settings in which state regulation is minimal.

Research Framework : Resulting from the population aging, the increase in the elders needs and the decrease in their functional autonomy caused by normal aging, the possibility for seniors of “Aging in Place” has been weakened. Despite these difficulties, the vast majority of seniors wish to live in their home for as long as possible. In light of these challenges, governmental initiatives such as the Age-Friendly Cities (AFC) program as well as other local services are insufficient. By linking these initiatives to Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS), it would represent a social innovation that could foster “Aging in Place”. Objectives : To suggest an original conciliation between LETS and the AFC program that could foster “Aging in Place”. Methodology : In regard to the collaboration between LETS and the AFC program, this article offers an innovative reflection which will explore the role of stakeholders and the impacts of this partnership on a micro-territory. Results : A mapping on a micro-level of where people live could help respond more precisely to the needs of the population while involving more easily stakeholders in this process. The latter can support the activities of the LETS in different ways, including by taking part in the AFC program’s steering committee. Conclusions : A partnership is possible between the AFC program’s steering committee and stakeholders from the LETS at a micro-level, which could support “Aging in Place”. Contribution : While it fosters “Aging in Place”, the LETS could help reduce the social isolation of seniors, increase intergenerational relations and promote social inclusion with all the actors involved in these activities.

Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union was first published in 1984. In the late 1970s American and Russian scientists met twice in conferences on Quaternary paleoclimates sponsored by the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Bilateral Agreement on the Environment. The conferees agreed to prepare volumes summarizing the current status of research in the two countries. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union provides the first comprehensive summary of modern research on virtually all aspects of the Late Quaternary environmental history in the Soviet Union. The Late Quaternary of the Soviet Union includes the last interglacial period - about 125,000 years of geologic time. The pronounced climatic changes of the Late Quaternary brought about not only fluctuations of ice sheets and mountain glaciers but also shifts in the levels of lakes and seas, in the extent of the permafrost and wind-borne deposits, in the distribution of environmentally sensitive plants and animals, and in the development of human cultures. These are some of the research areas covered in this book by Soviet specialists in the earth sciences, paleoecology, and paleoclimatology. Their 30 papers on Late Quaternary environmental history cover the vast territory from the Russian plain to the maritime region of the Soviet Far East, and from the Arctic coast to the Black Sea and the high mountains of Central Asia. Much of this research has been accomplished only within the last three decades, during the exploration and development of the natural resources of the country, especially in distant parts of Siberia. Because the Soviet Union occupies so much of Eurasia’s temperate zone, information on its environmental history not only greatly expands out geological and climatological knowledge of the world but also allows us to make enlightening comparisons with the history of the North American continent. Scientists in all branches of Quaternary studies will find this book a valuable source of data heretofore largely unavailable in the West. Its usefulness is further enhanced by an introduction that synthesizes the volume’s contents, prepared by the English-language editors. The companion volumes of the Late Quaternary in the United States are also published by the University of Minnesota Press.

Purpose While some collaborative consumption activities are underpinned by commercial logics and dispositions, local collaborative consumer communities are organised around non-commercial values and driven by the desire to organise social relationships differently. These communities are based on the notions of a commons, sharing and reciprocity. However, because they make little use of digital tools (internet to coordinate the exchange of services, social media to communicate), they are not very visible to consumers. This paper aims to identify these non-commercial organisations’ relationship to digital tools and determine how these organisations can generate individual and/or collective well-being. Design/methodology/approach This study examined the case of the local exchange trading system (LETS), a local collaborative consumer community that practices a moneyless exchange of services. A qualitative study was conducted based on 23 in-depth interviews with LETS managers. Findings Due to the communities’ local roots and regular face-to-face meet-ups, there did not seem to be a pressing need to use an online platform to coordinate the exchange of services. However, the results showed that the use of digital tools increased these communities’ well-being potential (e.g. development of social ties, solidarity and social equality) while reducing their negative effects (e.g. fatigue due to community involvement and difficulty integrating new members). They also introduce the notions of generation, founder’s personality and management team’s dynamism into the collaborative consumption literature. Originality/value It is important to focus on how these “alternative” markets function. Consumers use them but without abandoning more traditional markets. Understanding how they work improves the understanding of the competition they pose to traditional services and how the different ecosystems complement one another.

Inspired by anthropological writing on reciprocity and kinship, this book applies the idea of gendered wealth to ancient Greek myth for the first time, and also highlights the importance of the sister-brother bond in the Classical world.

Despite the pervasiveness of barter across societies, this mode of transaction has largely escaped the anthropologist's gaze. Drawing on data from fairs in the Argentinean Andes involving highland herders and lowland cultivators, this book explores barter's regime of value and its related social performativity. Considering fairs' embeddedness within religious celebration shows that interecological transactions are addressed as a sacrifice to catholic figures and local ancestors, which challenges a pervasive view of barter as a non-monetary form of commodity exchange.

Cadre de la recherche : Parallèlement à l’augmentation des besoins liés au vieillissement de la population, ainsi qu’à la diminution de l’autonomie fonctionnelle inhérente au processus normal de l’avancée en âge, le «  vieillir chez soi  » de bien des aînés est fragilisé. Or, une majorité d’entre eux souhaitent vivre dans leur logement le plus longtemps possible. Face à ces enjeux, les initiatives gouvernementales telles que le programme Municipalités amies des aînés (MADA) et les autres services de proximité s’avèrent insuffisants. Tout en facilitant le maillage et la réalisation des actions de ces derniers, les systèmes d’échange local (SEL) constituent une innovation sociale susceptible de faciliter le «  vieillir chez soi  » des aînés. Objectif : Proposer une conciliation originale entre les SEL et le programme MADA aux fins de faciliter le «  vieillir chez soi  » des aînés.Méthodologie : Cet article offre une réflexion innovante sur l’association entre les SEL et le programme MADA en l’appliquant sur des microterritoires vécus et en explorant le rôle des parties prenantes locales.Résultats : Une subdivision en microterritoires «  vécus  » permettrait de répondre à des besoins plus précis et représentatifs de la population tout en interpellant plus facilement les parties prenantes locales. Ces dernières peuvent soutenir les activités des SEL, entre autres en s’impliquant au sein du comité de pilotage MADA. Conclusions : Une collaboration serait envisageable entre les comités de pilotage MADA et les parties prenantes locales à l’intérieur des SEL sur des microterritoires vécus afin de favoriser le «  vieillir chez soi  » des aînés. Contribution : En plus de favoriser le «  vieillir chez soi  » des aînés, la mise en place des SEL pourrait permettre de briser leur isolement, de rehausser les liens intergénérationnels et favoriser l’inclusion sociale de l’ensemble des acteurs conviés à l’occasion de ses activités.

All communities of practice must face questions relating to the material economic foundations of future sustainable societies. David Graeber, Karl Polanyi and Karl Marx each have produced typologies of possible types of economy, synthesised as: (1) the principle of individual reciprocity, (2) the market principle of capitalism, and (3) the planning principle of the state. I apply this synthesis to recent proposals for community change advanced by Bill McKibben and David Korten concerning economic scale and the re-localising of production and consumption sundered by globalisation, focused on the local exchange and trading system (LETS). The operationalising of LETS draws upon Adam Smith’s view of markets as face-to-face exchanges of goods taking place in small morality-bound communities. Smith, McKibben and Korten conflate two different meanings of the term ‘exchange’. To understand the role LETS may play in future sustainable economies in communities of practice demands treatment of this problem.

This edition of Obstetric Anesthesia and Uncommon Disorders provides a convenient resource for practitioners suddenly faced with a parturient who has an unusual medical or surgical condition. The book considers the impact of a condition on pregnancy, labor and delivery, or the fetus and the impact of pregnancy on a condition, or the effect of therapy for the disorder on the fetus or neonate. Case reports and experience from the world literature, and clinical advice from many specialists, are drawn together by an international team of editors and contributors who are leading experts in the field. Clear, concise management guidelines and algorithms are provided, and each chapter is written from the viewpoint of the obstetric anesthesiologist. Thoroughly revised, with chapters on chronic pain in pregnancy and malignancy and pregnancy, this book will be an invaluable resource for any anesthesiologist involved in the clinical management of these complex patients.