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English as a Local Language
When analyzed in multilingual contexts, English is often treated as an entity that is separable from its linguistic environment. It is often the case, however, that multilinguals use English in hybrid and transcultural ways. This book explores how multilingual East Africans make use of English as a local resource in their everyday practices by examining a range of domains, including workplace conversation, beauty pageants, hip hop and advertising. Drawing on the Bakhtinian concept of multivocality, the author uses discourse analysis and ethnographic approaches to demonstrate the range of linguistic and cultural hybridity found across these domains, and to consider the constraints on hybridity in each context. By focusing on the cultural and linguistic bricolage in which English is often found, the book illustrates how multilinguals respond to the tension between local identification and dominant conceptualizations of English as a language for global communication.
eBook
Wabo Language in Wabompi Village: Evaluation of Language Vitality and Endangerment
The Wabo language in East Yapen District, Yapen Islands Regency, Papua Province, is generally no longer used in daily communication. Of the 10 villages in East Yapen District, only the Wabo people in Wabompi Village continue to maintain their traditional performance culture. Accordingly, this study evaluates the vitality and use of the Wabo language in Wabompi Village to identify the correlation between the vitality status of a language and the maintenance of its distinctive performance culture. Furthermore, the study investigates language use in the social and family domains. The methodology employed qualitative methods, including evaluation analysis of vitality and language use in the field of sociolinguistics. Language vitality was evaluated based on vitality indicators from UNESCO and SIL International. Data was collected using participatory and direct observation. The results reveal that the vitality status of the Wabo language in Wabompi Village is definitely endangered according to UNESCO vitality indicators. Meanwhile, the condition of the Wabo language vitality in Wabompi is in a moribund state according to SIL International. In terms of language use, Wabompi is used only by the grandparents, and the most common language used is Indonesian.
Journal Article
Chinese international students' social connectedness, social and academic adaptation
This study examined global competence of Chinese international students sojourning in a non-Anglophone European country as a mediator between foreign language proficiency (i.e., English and local language) and social and academic adaptation, and social connectedness in international community. A sample of 206 Chinese students in Belgium responded to a web-based survey. Results from structural equation modeling analysis indicated both English and local language proficiency were significant predictors of global competence and global competence, in turn, influenced significantly the participants' social connectedness, social and academic adaptation. Specifically, English and local language proficiency taken together explained 32% of the variance in global competence, and global competence explained 55% of the variance in social adaptation and 38% of the variance in academic adaptation, respectively. In addition, English proficiency and global competence explained 33% of the variance in social connectedness in international community. Bootstrapping methods were employed to examine the mediating roles of global competence. The results revealed that global competence partially mediated the relationship between English proficiency and social connectedness and fully mediated the relationships between foreign language proficiency (i.e., both English and local language) and social and academic adaptation. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
Journal Article
Revitalizing the Local Laz Language Under Threat Through Education: A Qualitative Analysis
This study examines the survival of the Laz language through education from the perspective of Laz language educators. This research was conducted in a qualitative research design and case study model. Data was collected via a semi-structured interview form and analyzed by using a content analysis method. The study group consisted of six teachers of Lazi. The findings revealed that the Laz language is under threat due to limited class hours and course materials. School administrators provide insufficient support for language education, pre-service and in-service training for Laz language teachers remains inadequate, and younger generations show little preference for speaking Laz. In addition, participants suggested that the language should be included as an elective course in the secondary school curriculum, that more projects and research on Laz should be undertaken, and that in-service training opportunities should be expanded. While participants expressed satisfaction with the state’s local language policies, they emphasized that stronger institutional and political support is necessary to enhance social acceptance, ensure survival through education, and promote sustainability.
Journal Article
Reliability and validity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for detecting perinatal common mental disorders (PCMDs) among women in low-and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review
Background
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), originally developed in Britain, is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of the Perinatal Common Mental Disorders (PCMDs) of depression and anxiety. However, its potential to detect PCMDs in culturally diverse low- and lower-middle income countries (LALMICs) is unclear. This systematic review aimed to appraise formally validated local language versions of the EPDS from these resource-constrained settings.
Methods
Following the PRISMA protocol, we searched MEDLINE-OVID, CINAHL-Plus and PUBMED to identify studies reporting translation, cultural adaptation and formal validation of the EPDS to detect PCMDs among women in LALMICs. The quality of the studies meeting inclusion criteria was assessed using standard criteria and a new process-based criteria; which was developed specifically for this study.
Results
We identified 1281 records among which 16 met inclusion criteria; three further papers were identified by hand-searching reference lists. The publications reported findings from 12 LALMICs in14 native languages. Most of these local language versions of the EPDS (LLV-EPDS) had lower precision for identifying true cases of PCMDs among women in the general perinatal population compared to the original English version. Only one study met all criteria for culturally sensitive translation, the others had not established the comprehensibility of the local version amongst representative groups of women in pre-testing. Many studies tested the LLV-EPDS only amongst convenience samples recruited at single health facilities. Diagnostic interviews for confirmation of mental disorders could have been influenced by the mental health professionals’ lack of blinding to the initial screening results. Additionally, even when diagnostic-interviews were carried out in the local language, questions might not have been understood as most studies followed standard diagnostic protocol which had not been culturally adapted.
Conclusions
Most of the LLV-EPDS from non-English speaking low- and middle-income-countries did not meet all criteria for formal validation of a screening instrument. Psychometric properties of LLV-EPDS could be enhanced by adopting the new process-based criteria for translation, adaptation and validation.
Journal Article