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National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

We show that the set of analytic functions from ℂ2 into ℂ2, which are not Lorch-analytic is spaceable and strongly 𝔠-algebrable, but is not residual in the space of entire functions from ℂ2 into ℂ2. We also show that the set of functions which belongs to the disk algebra but not a Dales-Davie algebra is strongly 𝔠-algebrable and is residual in the disk algebra.

Two theorems of Riesz and Lorch (1936) are used to pass directly from the functional calculus for bounded symmetric operators to that for unbounded self-adjoint operators, thereby considerably shortening the passage via the spectral resolution for unbounded self-adjoint operators, and making particularly transparent the manner in which properties of the functional calculus for bounded operators are inherited by those which are unbounded.

The desegregation crisis inLittle Rockis a landmark of American history: on September 4, 1957, after the Supreme Court struck down racial segregation in public schools, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus called up the National Guard to surround Little Rock Central High School, preventing black students from going in. On September 25, 1957, nine black students, escorted by federal troops, gained entrance. With grace and depth,Little Rockprovides fresh perspectives on the individuals, especially the activists and policymakers, involved in these dramatic events. Looking at a wide variety of evidence and sources, Karen Anderson examines American racial politics in relation to changes in youth culture, sexuality, gender relations, and economics, and she locates the conflicts of Little Rock within the larger political and historical context. Anderson considers how white groups at the time, including middle class women and the working class, shaped American race and class relations. She documents white women's political mobilizations and, exploring political resentments, sexual fears, and religious affiliations, illuminates the reasons behind segregationists' missteps and blunders. Anderson explains how the business elite in Little Rock retained power in the face of opposition, and identifies the moral failures of business leaders and moderates who sought the appearance of federal compliance rather than actual racial justice, leaving behind a legacy of white flight, poor urban schools, and institutional racism. Probing the conflicts of school desegregation in the mid-century South,Little Rockcasts new light on connections between social inequality and the culture wars of modern America.

The Yueh-Gin Gung and Charles Y. Hu Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics consists of a cash prize of $4000, a citation, and the recognition of the American mathematical community. As the endowed successor to the MAA Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics, this award is intended to be the most prestigious award for service offered by the Association. It honors distinguished contributions to mathematics and mathematical education--in one particular aspect or many, and in a short period or over a career. The MAA presents the Gung-Hu Award for 2007 to Dr Lee Lorch, professor emeritus at York University in Canada. Dr Lorch has been a remarkable teacher of mathematics over the years, recruiting and inspiring many students to enter the field of mathematics. He has been especially able at guiding women and minority students through the Doctor of Philosophy.

According to SSI's U.S. Presidential Pulse, the majority of respondents (56%) across France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom paid \"quite a lot of attention\" or \"some attention\" to the U.S. presidential election campaign. Only 11% of respondents across the four countries indicated they have paid \"a great deal of attention\" to the election campaign. \"When SSI reviewed the results on a country level respondents in the Netherlands (48%) were more likely to state they had not paid 'very much attention' or 'no attention at all' to the U.S. presidential election campaign than respondents in France (25%), Germany (28%), and the U.K. (31%),\" said Jackie Lorch, vice president of knowledge management at SSI. \"SSI asked our respondents, 'Do you think [Donald Trump] should be banned from entering the U.K.?' Overall, 38% of respondents did not think Donald Trump should be banned from entering the U.K.,\" explained Lorch. Respondents in the U.K. (46%), were more likely than respondents in France (34%), Germany (33%) and the Netherlands (39%) to state they did not think Trump should be banned from the UK.

William A. Lorch ELK GROVE VILLAGE - William A. Lorch, 83, born in Chicago and longtime resident of Elk Grove Village, passed away May 7, 2015. Bill attended Wright Jr. College, gaining new 'brothers' in Phi Sigma Pi. He served in the USAF during the Korean War. Following his service, he graduated from the University of Illinois and worked for IBM and then United Airlines, until his retirement.