Explore the vast range of titles available.

To our knowledge, little attention has been paid to evaluating ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) roles in plants grown under salinity stress. In this study, seeds of lupine ( Lupinus termis ) plants were grown in plastic pots and exposed to 0 (control) and 150 (S) mM NaCl with or without priming with different concentrations of ZnO [20 mg L −1 (ZNPs1), 40 mg L −1 (ZNPs2), and 60 mg L −1 (ZNPs3)] for 20 days. Salinized plants showed a reduction in plant growth parameters (root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight) and in the contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids) and Zn, as well as in the activity of catalase (CAT) against control plants. On the other side, salinity stress boosted the contents of organic solutes (soluble sugar, soluble protein, total free amino acids, and proline), total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid and Na, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in stressed plants over control plants. However, seed-priming with ZNPs mostly stimulated growth of stressed plants, which was accompanied by reinforcement in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, organic solutes, total phenols, ascorbic acid and Zn, as well as in the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APX enzymes over stressed plants alone. On the contrary, priming with ZNPs caused a decrement in the contents of MDA and Na in stressed plants relative to salinized plants alone. It is worthy to mention that, this improvement in salt tolerance of plants primed with ZNPs was more obvious in plants primed with ZNPs3 and grown both in unstressed and stressed regimes. Thus, our findings suggest that seed-priming with ZNPs, especially 60 mg L −1 ZnO is an effective strategy that can be used to enhance salt tolerance of lupine plants.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a key role in natural and agricultural ecosystems affecting plant nutrition, soil biological activity and modifying the availability of nutrients. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is an essential coenzyme which incorporated in a wide range of plant metabolic processes. Thus, this research aimed to study the possibility of mitigating the negative effect of salinity stress on white lupine plant via using AMF and Vit B1 through assessment growth, various physiological traits and yield components of the white lupine plant. AMF was added to the soil (0.0 and 7 g pot−1) and Vit B1was foliar applied to white lupine seedlings (0.0, 100 and 200 mgL−1) and watered by two levels of salinity (0.0 or 5000 mgL−1). Salinity stress (5000 mgL−1) resulted in significant reductions in growth photosynthetic pigments constituents, endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA), some elements & productivity of white lupine in comparison to control plants. While, increasing phenols, some osmolytes and sodium compared to control (plants irrigated by tap water). Adding AMF to soil with the recommended dose boosted white lupine growth, certain physiological aspects and productivity in white lupine plants under irrigation with saltwater (5000 mgL−1). Furthermore, exogenous Vit B1 treatment with 100 & 200 mgL−1 not only enhanced growth and seeds productivity of white lupine plants under normal irrigation but also, improved salinity tolerance by increasing white lupine growth and productivity via inmproving photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes levels and element contents compared to their corresponding controls. Finally it could be concluded that, 200 mgL−1Vit B1 wit AMF treatment shows superiority in inducing maximum improving white lupine plant salinity tolerance.

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses that negatively limits anatomical structure, growth and the physiological and productivity traits of field crops. The productivity of lupine plants is severely restricted by abiotic stress, particularly, salinity in arid and semiarid regions. Activated yeast extract (AYE) can perform a vital role in the tolerance of environmental stress, as it contains phytohormones and amino acids. Thus, field experiments were conducted to explore the potential function of active yeast extract (0, 50, 75, and 100 mL AYE L−1) in mitigating the harmful impacts of salinity stress (EC = 7.65 dS m−1) on anatomical structure, growth, and the physiological and productivity traits of two lupine cultivars: Giza 1 and Giza 2. The different AYE treatments resulted in a substantial improvement in studied attributes, for example the growth, anatomical, physiological characteristics, and seed yields of treated lupine cultivars compared with untreated plants. Among the AYE doses, 75 mL L−1 significantly improved plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total protein, and seed yields, and exposed the best anatomical attributes of the two lupine cultivars grown under saline stress. The exogenous application of 75 mL AYE L−1 was the most influential, and it surpassed the control results by 45.9% for 100-seed weight and 26.9% for seed yield per hectare. On the other hand, at a concentration of 75 mL L−1 AYE there was a decrease in the alkaloids and endogenous proline under the studied salinity stress conditions. Promoted salinity stress tolerance through sufficient AYE dose is a hopeful strategy to enhance the tolerance and improve productivity of lupine into salinity stress. Furthermore, the response of lupine to salinity stress appears to rely on AYE dose. The results proved that Giza 2 was more responsive to AYE than Giza 1, showing a better growth and higher yield, and reflecting further salinity tolerance than the Giza 1 cultivar.

The fungus Magnaporthiopsis maydis is a soil-borne, seed-borne vascular wilt pathogen that causes severe damage to sensitive Zea mays L. (maize) hybrids throughout Egypt, Israel, India, Spain, and other countries. It can undergo virulence variations and survive as spores, sclerotia, or mycelia on plant residues. Maize, Lupinus termis L. (lupine) and Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) are the only known hosts of M. maydis. Identification of new plant hosts that can assist in the survival of the pathogen is an essential step in restricting disease outbreak and spread. Here, by field survey and growth chamber pathogenicity test, accompanied by real-time PCR analysis, the presence of the fungal DNA inside the roots of cotton (Pima cv.) plants was confirmed in infested soil. Moreover, we identified M. maydis in Setaria viridis (green foxtail) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon, Malali cv.). Infected watermelon sprouts had delayed emergence and development, were shorter, and had reduced root and shoot biomass. M. maydis infection also affected root biomass and phenological development of cotton plants but caused only mild symptoms in green foxtail. No M. maydis DNA was detected in Hordeum vulgare (barley, Noga cv.) and the plants showed no disease symptoms except for reduced shoot weight. These findings are an important step towards uncovering the host range and endophytic behavior of M. maydis, encouraging expanding this evaluation to other plant species.

The nutritional composition of the legume Lupinus albus var. multolupa, raw or after α-galactoside extraction, and its effect on the bioavailability of protein, P, Ca, and Mg by growing rats wasevaluated using a balance technique. The protein and dietary fibre content of the lupin floursstudied was high, and 89–94% of the dietary fibre was present as insoluble dietary fibre. The α-galactoside extraction process did not disrupt the nutritional quality of protein, and the digestive and metabolic utilisation of this nutrient was high and comparable with that obtained from a casein–cystine control diet (pair-fed to the average daily food intake of the experimental groups fed the different lupin diets). Bioavailability of P, Ca, and Mg from the lupin diets tested was high, and supplementation of an exogenous microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) did not cause any further improvement. Mineral content in the bone tissue (femur and sternum) did not correlate to mineral balance, which, on the other hand, was related to the mineral content of other tissues such as blood, plasma, liver and kidney. Due to its ability to grow under adverse edaphic and climatic conditions and to its good nutritional quality, α-galactoside-free lupin flour supplemented with the required amounts of minerals and vitamins to meet nutrient requirements can be used as an excellent dietary source for the preparation of dietetic products.

BACKGROUND: A protein isolate from white lupin (Lupinus albus; L-ISO) has potential as a novel human food ingredient, but its nutritional effects are unknown. METHODS: We evaluated protein quality and effects on body composition in rats of isoenergic diets of L-ISO, lactalbumin, or casein with both restricted (10-day) and ad libitum (28-day)intake. The diets were equivalent in protein per se, but supplementation was used to balance essential amino acid levels. RESULTS: In both studies, the rats consumed similar amounts of each diet, and no effect of diet on the gain:feed ratio was observed--though gain:N ratio and net protein utilization were slightly lower for the L-ISO diet. Lower large intestinal weights after the L-ISO than after the lactalbumin diet were observed in both studies. The L-ISO diet resulted in lowered body fat percentage in the 10-day study but in an elevated level in the 28-day study. Liver composition (DNA, RNA, glycogen, and fat) and plasma levels of some amino acids (His, Thr, Ala, Pro, Tyr, Val and Met) were affected by diet, but no effects on plasma lipid, glucose, or uric acid were observed. CONCLUSION: The L-ISO diet did not affect feed intake and has adequate nutritional quality in rats whilst modifying large intestinal weight in a potentially beneficial manner--suggesting potential for this protein in human nutrition.

Bu çalışmada, üç Lupinus albus L. ve iki L. angustifolius L. genotipi GC-MS ve SPME teknikleri kullanılarak uçucu veya yarı uçucu maddeler açısından araştırılmış ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla acı bakla tohumları el değirmeni yardımıyla öğütülmüş ve bu toz, ham madde içeriğinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Bu acı bakla genotiplerinde yaklaşık olarak 102 bileşik ilk defa tanımlanmıştır. Bu bileşiklerden başlıcaları; benzene-methyl (1-methyl ethyl), 5-Allyl-4-(1-(p-aminophenyl) ethylidenehyl, 2-propen-1-ol, 3-phenyl-, m-Mentha-4,8, diene-(1S,3S)-(+), gamma terpinene dir. Bu bileşiklerin farklı genotiplerde ve farklı oranlarda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bitkilerden veya bitki parçalarından gelen aktif maddeleri ve olası potansiyellerini ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu tür çalışmalar, gelecekte yapılacak daha spesifik çalışmalar açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

The effects of diet on quantitative nutritional indices were measured in fifth-instar female nymphs of the grasshopper, Euprepocnemis plorans. Analysis of the main and interactive effects of feeding on the host plants lupine (Lupinus termis), horsebean (Vicia faba) or clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) and some of the plants’ allelochemicals indicated that nymph performance was adversely affected by the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and quinolizidine in horsebean and lupine respectively. Assimilation of clover was higher than of lupine or horsebean. Relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly higher in grasshoppers fed on clover than in those fed on either lupine or horsebean. Relative consumption rate (RCR) was in the order lupine > clover > horsebean. The efficiency of the digested and ingested food conversion were significantly lower in grasshoppers fed on lupine or horsebean than those fed on clover. The duration of the fifth instar was in the order horsebean > lupine > clover. Grasshoppers fed on horsebean or lupine lost weight during the experiment, with a greater weight loss recorded in those fed on horsebean. Grasshoppers contained the highest concentration of haemolymph proteins when fed on clover. Short-term feeding on lupine and horsebean resulted in 10 and 20 % mortality respectively, and nymphs that died on a horsebean diet were malformed.

Effects of adult nutrition were investigated by measuring female longevity, body weight, fertility and ovariol yield in the grasshopper, Euprepocnemis plorans reared on 3 different host plants. Rearing the insect on lupine (Lupinus termis) and horsebean (Vicia faba) caused significant reduction in fertility and ovariol yield of its first and second pods compared with those reared on clover (Trifolium alexandrinum). Resorption bodies were significantly higher in the ovariols of females fed on L. termis and V. faba. Diet also affected longevity and body weight. Fecundity was highest in females reared on T. alexandrinum. Significant reduction in haemolymph protein was noted in females reared on L. termis and V. faba. Nitrile (allylcyanide) significantly reduced the approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), inhibited nymphal growth, increased food consumption and decreased its assimilation. Feeding grasshoppers on T. alexandrinum treated with 125–250 μ mole/g resulted in various degrees of malformation and death.

The capacity of plant roots to increase their carboxylate exudation at a low plant phosphorus (P) status is an adaptation to acquire sufficient P at low soil P availability. Our objective was to compare crop species in their adaptive response to a low-P availability, in order to gain knowledge to be used for improving crop P-acquisition efficiency from soils that are low in P or that have a high capacity to retain P. In the present screening study we compared 13 crop species, grown in sand at either 3 or 300 μM of P, and measured root mass ratio, cluster-root development, rhizosphere pH and carboxylate composition of root exudates. Root mass ratio decreased with increasing P supply for Triticum aestivum L., Brassica napus L., Cicer arietinum L. and Lens culinaris Medik., and increased only for Pisum sativum L., while the Lupinus species and Vicia faba L. were not responsive. Lupinus species that had the potential to produce root clusters either increased or decreased biomass allocation to clusters at 300 μM of P compared with allocation at 3 μM of P. All Lupinus species acidified their rhizosphere more than other species did, with average pH decreasing from 6.7 (control) to 4.3 for Lupinus pilosus L. and 5.9 for Lupinus atlanticus L.; B. napus maintained the most alkaline rhizosphere, averaging 7.4 at 300 μM of P. Rhizosphere carboxylate concentrations were lowest for T. aestivum, B. napus, V. faba, and L. culinaris than for the other species. Exuded carboxylates were mainly citrate and malate for all species, with the exception of L. culinaris and C. arietinum, which produced mainly citrate and malonate. Considerable variation in the concentration of exuded carboxylates and protons was found, even with a genus. Cluster-root forming species did not invariably have the highest concentrations of rhizosphere carboxylates. Lupinus species varied both in P-uptake and in the sensitivity of their cluster-root development to external P supply. Given the carbon cost of cluster roots, a greater plasticity in their formation and exudation (i.e. reduced investment in cluster roots and exudation at higher soil P, a negative feedback response) is a desirable trait for agricultural species that may have variable access to readily available P.