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"Luwian language Texts."
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Binding and Smiting
The purpose of this paper is to offer evidence for a set of related formulaic expressions meaning ‘bond and blow’, ‘of binding and smiting’, and ‘the substitute for binding and smiting’ in Luvian cuneiform texts of the second millennium BCE. The passages where the relevant formulae are attested have resisted a coherent interpretation thus far. Our argumentation is three-pronged. First, we resort to the combinatorial method to show that these formulae occur in the vicinity of other merisms, and therefore are likely to constitute the same figure of speech. Furthermore, we endeavor to demonstrate based on context that they denote something related to strong physical impact. The argument involves a great deal of restored text, but although voluminous, the contexts are so repetitive that the restorations appear warranted. Second, we use the etymological method in order to justify the claim that the roots supplying their reflexes to our formulae are Proto-Indo-European *seh₂ ‘to bind’ and * wedh ‘to strike, smite’. The derivation of each of the derivatives occurring in the bipartite merisms under discussion is addressed in some detail, and additional evidence from a Luwian hieroglyphic inscription Kululu 1 is adduced to flesh out our hypothesis. Third, we provide typological discussion facilitating the interpretation of “binding” and “smiting” in the context of the Hittite-Luvian antiwitchcraft rituals. It turns out that hostile witchcraft has a potential to both “bind” (paralyze) and “smite” (cause to suffer) the body parts of its victim. As a whole, the paper represents a contribution to the ongoing decipherment of the Luvian language.
Journal Article
Internal or external evil: a merism in Luwian incantations
The paper addresses the frequent collocation /ir(hu)waliyan parittarwaliyan/, which occurs in Luwian incantations embedded in Hittite cuneiform ritual texts. Despite the relatively clear context, the meanings of this and similar collocations have remained obscure. Using combinatory and etymological methods, we intend to demonstrate that it hides the merism “internal (or) external”, which modifies various sorts of supernatural negative phenomena. Furthermore, we intend to argue that such an interpretation is compatible with the Late Bronze Age Anatolian beliefs about potential sources of evil. A collateral result of our demonstration is the elucidation of a number of additional contexts in the Hittite, Luwian, Lydian, and official Aramaic languages.
Journal Article
Katuwas and the Masoretic Text of Kings
The Luwian text of King Katuwas was excavated by Woolley at Carchemish in 1911–1914. Sometime after its discovery, it was largely destroyed. Fragments remain at the Anatolian Civilizations Museum in Ankara and at the British Museum. This study follows the text edition of John David Hawkins who was able to see the fragments and earlier photographs of the entire inscription.¹
The first section of the text consists of the identification of the author:²
(§1) EGO-wa/i-mi
I
ka-tú-wa/i-ss|(IUDEX)tara/i-wa/i-ni-sa|kar-ka-mi-si-za-sa(URBS) RE|GIO DOMINUS… I
su-hi-si REGIO DOMINUS]-[ia-i-sa] [|(INF]ANS)ni-mu-wa/i-za-sa
I
á-sa-tú-wa/i-ta
4-ma-za-si-i |REGIO-ní DOMINUS-ia-i-sa|INFANS.NEPOS-sa
I (am) Katuwas the Ruler, Karkamišean Coun[try-Lord, the Country-Lord Suhis’s] son, the Country-Lord Astuwatamanzas’s grandson.
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