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We are currently experiencing a global environmental crisis. Our waste culture is leading to huge irreversible damage to our planet and ecosystems. This is particularly evident in both the textile and food sectors, with a system-wide restructuring as to how we consume and source materials becoming ever more urgent. By considering our waste as resource, we can access a vast source of raw materials that is now being recognised as such. Viable materials in the form of waste have the potential for conversion into textiles. However, this proposed solution to our contemporary crisis is not new technology. Throughout the 20th century, science and industry have researched and developed materials from food waste to meet global demand for textiles in times of need, with a major development during the world wars being the invention of regenerated protein fibres (RPFs). For various reasons, this research was abandoned, but much of the development work remains valid. This research critically analyses work that has previously been done in the sector to better our understanding of the historical hindrances to the progression of this technology. By applying modern thinking and scientific advances to historical challenges, there is the potential to overcome previous barriers to utilising food waste as a resource. One of the key influences in the discontinuation of RPFs was the rise of petrochemical textiles. Our current understanding of the detriment caused by petrochemicals warrants a further review of historical emergent technologies. This paper uses Ardil fibre as a case study, and shows that there is a clear disparity between the location of historic research and where the research would now be helpful. Ardil was a British-made product, using peanuts sourced from the British Empire as the source of protein. Techniques used in the processing of Ardil could be better utilised by countries and climates currently producing large amounts of peanut byproducts and waste. Through this research, another historical concern that thwarted Ardil’s acceptance as a mainstream fibre was discovered to be its poor tensile strength. However, contemporary garment life cycles are far shorter than historical ones, with built-in obsolescence now being considered as a solution to fast fashion cycles by matching the longevity of the fibre to the expected use phase of the garment, but ensuring suitable disposal methods, such as composting. This research highlights the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration between sectors, with a specific focus on the wealth of valuable information available within historical archives for modern sustainability goals.

Although the trend of bringing the \"natural\" world indoors took off in many parts of the world with the end of the Cold War, this article focuses on the case of Hungary, where the shift to and then away from state-socialist versions of modernist design was particularly politicized. From the 1960s to the present, Hungary witnessed a shift from the dreams of modernist utopia imbedded in \"man-made\" miracle materials like plastic and concrete to the neoliberal social order imbedded in \"natural\" (in fact super-natural) materials like organic wood flooring and high-quality roofing tiles. I draw on scholarship working with a Peircean semiotics of materiality to elaborate an approach to aesthetic styles in material worlds that can track transformations in such styles over time and link them to wider political cosmologies. I argue that the \"organicist\" materialities that emerged to humanize socialist apartments in generic modern buildings were part of a critique of the modernist project and its \"unnatural\" attempt to dominate nature and engineer human souls. After the fall of state socialism, the continued affective appeal of this Organicist aesthetics worked to legitimate neoliberal ideologies even as people bemoaned the suffering and inequalities generated by the new order. The emerging middle classes embraced the powers of a \"natural\" order that included a free market as much as it included a natural lifecycle. In so doing, they are inscribed as moral persons, and as such deserving of material worlds in which nature is enhanced and controlled. The morally justified search for quality produces inequality. The article is thus an exploration of the constitutive relationships among things (like residential housing and furnishings), people (esp. people's embodied experience), and ideology (of the state, market or of a particular group).

seeking spinning and Weaving industries are to produce eco-friendly fiber Natural . fibers have distinct properties like high strength, low weight, low cost processing and bio degradability than synthetic fibers(1). banana fibers have the advantage of coming from an agricultural residue. Egypt produces around 65,000 feddans annually from banana trees and these trees are disposed of in a polluting environment . Fibers have been extracted by mechanical means from banana tree(2). The aim of this paper is to examines how to extract banana fiber and study the mechanical , chemical and physical properties of fiber

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesise some new 5arylazothiazole disperse dyes and study their application in dyeing polyester fibres. Designmethodologyapproach A series of 5arylazo2arylidenehydrazino4substitutedthiazole dyes were prepared by cyclocondensation of hydrazonoyl bromides with various thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Findings The dyed fibres exhibit very good washing, perspiration, sublimation and light fastness properties with little variation in the moderate to good rubbing fastness. The ease of preparation and the acceptable fastness properties makes these dyes particularly valuable. Research limitationsimplications In the present paper, the synthesis of 5arylazo2arylidenehydrazinothiazole disperse dyes was achieved by one step pathway. In addition, the variations in substituents on the aryl and thiazole moieties could also be studied. Practical implications The new arylazothiazole disperse dyes are superior in terms of yield, purity, colour strength, and having fastness properties of an order acceptable for commercial utilisation. Originalityvalue The synthesised disperse azo dyes are superior in terms of preparation, yield, purity, and fastness properties.

يتناول هذه البحث دراسة تأثير تغيير كثافة الألياف النسجية -الفيبر جلاس Fiber glass -ومركبات البولي استر ومركبات الإيبوكسى على الخواص الميكانيكية والفيزيائية للمواد المركبة، وقد شملت هذه الخواص كل من مقاومة الشد والاستطالة ومقاومة الانثناء والصلادة. وذلك لإنتاج ألواح ذات مقاومة عالية يمكن توظيفها في المجالات المعمارية المختلفة كحوائط أو أسقف أو أرضيات، حيث تتمتع هذه الألواح بصفات عالية الشدة يتيح لها التفوق على مثيلاتها التقليدية. المقدمة: عٌرفت تقنية تصنيع المواد المركبة منذ قرون عدة حيث استخدمها البابليون في بناء بيوتهم عن طريق خلط نشارة الخشب بمادة الطين لتقويته. وتتكون المادة المركبة من دمج مادتين أو أكثر وتشمل (الخلائط Blends) و(البلاستيك المقوى Reinforced Plastic) مختلفي الخواص الميكانيكية والفيزيائية، وعملية الدمج هذه تؤدى إلى الحصول على مادة جديدة ذات خواص هندسية وفيزيائية تختلف عن خواص المواد الداخلة في تركيبها، ويعتمد الاستخدام العام للمادة المركبة بشكل كبير على الخواص الميكانيكية والفيزيائية لهذه المواد. وفي الصناعة فإن تقوية الراتنجات بالألياف الصناعية هي الأكثر انتشاراً (على إبراهيم الموسوى، 2009). ولتصنيع مادة مركبة يجب توافر مادتين هما : 1. مادة الأساس Matrix Material هي مادة بوليمرية وهي الأكثر شيوعاً وانتشاراً لما تتميز به من خواص ميكانيكية وفيزيائية جيدة، ومن الأمثلة على المواد البوليمرية راتنج الإيبوكسي والفينول والبولي استر . 2. مادة التقوية Reinforcing Material هناك عدة طرق للتقوية منها التقوية بالدقائق Particulate والتي تكون بقطر أكبر من (1 μm) وبأشكال مختلفة منها الإبرية والكروية والقشرية، كذلك تتم التقوية بالتشتت Dispersed ويكون قطر الدقائق أقل من (0.1 μm) أما أكثر أساليب التقوية شيوعاً فهي التقوية بالألياف Fibers نظراً لما تتميز به من قوة كبيرة مقارنة بالمواد الراتنجية، وهذا النوع هو ما تم استخدامه في هذا البحث .يطلق مصطلح Buildtech على المنسوجات والمواد المركبة المستخدمة في تشييد المباني وتسليح الخرسانات بدلاً من أسياخ الحديد الصلبة، لما تتميز به من خفة الوزن وسهولة النقل وعدم تأثرها بالصدأ وقوة شدها، حيث تصل في بعض المواد إلى عشرة أمثال قوة شد الصلب (صبا عبد الزهرة عبيد القرشي، 2013). وتعتمد على الأقمشة المنسوجة أو غير المنسوجة من الألياف الزجاجية والكربونية بهدف تقوية المباني القائمة ضد الزلازل والسدود والكباري والأنفاق والطرق، أو كتطبيقات وتركيبات صلبة خفيفة الوزن مثل المظلات والتندات. وفي الهندسة المدنية والصناعية، تستخدم الأقمشة المنسوجة وغير المنسوجة من الألياف الزجاجية في إنشاء التراكيب نصف الدائمة مثل الملاعب الرياضية، وأيضاً تعتبر عوازل جيدة للرطوبة لحماية المنشئات ولزيادة عمرها. حيث تستخدم المنتجات النسيجية مع الإيبوكسيات في عزل جميع العناصر الإنشائية من حوائط وأرضيات وأماكن الصحة من الحمامات والمطابخ، والغرف الرطبة وخزانات المياه كما يستعمل ايبوكسيات البيتومين وحده كسائل دهان على البارد أو الساخن عند عزل القواعد المسلحة، ويتم استخدام ألياف الزجاج لمنع تصدع الخرسانة ومواد البناء . كما يوجد نوعية أخرى من الأقمشة المستخدمة في أغراض التسقيف Roofing تستخدم كأغشية لمنع اختراق الرطوبة للجدران وتتميز هذه النوعية من الأقمشة بخفة وزنها وقوة صلابتها وصلادتها ومطاطية مركباتها العالية. بالإضافة إلى مقاومتها العالية للتفاعل الكيميائي كما أنها صديقة للبيئة. ((www.cmb.com.eg المواد المستعملة لترميم وتقوية وحماية المنشئات الخرسانية.

This paper examines value chains for milk, mutton, wool and pashmina fibre in the mountainous state of Jammu and Kashmir using survey data collected from livestock producers, market functionaries including institutional and non-institutional buyers. Vendors dominate the milk market, but for dairy farmers selling milk to them is not as remunerative as to the institutional buyers. The state is deficit in mutton and imports almost half of its requirements from neighbouring states. Most of the wool produced in the state is exported. Butchers and traders of Ladakh are important market functionaries in market for pashmina fibre. The study has also identified institutional failures in livestock markets, and suggests strengthening integrated value chains for livestock products as to enable livestock producers capture benefits of expanding demand for livestock products.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to prepare polypyrrolone nanofibres and investigate the effects of concentration of polypyrrolone precursor and voltage on polypyrrolone precursor nanofibres by electrospinning, in order to achieve ideal nanofibres.Design methodology approach - Polypyrrolone nanofibres were prepared by polypyrrolone precursor electrospinning. Various fibres were made with different concentrations of polypyrrolone precursor and different voltages. Morphology of fibres was characterised by scanning electron microscopy to study the effect of different preparation conditions on morphology of fibres.Findings - A method of preparation of polypyrrolone nanofibres with the polypyrrolone precursor by electrospinning was introduced which had not been reported. The effects of concentration of polypyrrolone precursor and voltage on the morphology of the nanofibres were studied. It was found that the concentration of polypyrrolone precursor was the major factor and the voltage also affected the distribution and dimension of polypyrrolone fibres to an extent.Research limitations implications - Polypyrrolone nanofibres provided potential applications in solar cells and field-effect transistors.Originality value - To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no literature on the preparation of polypyrrolone nanofibres by electrospinning. Herein the preparation of polypyrrolone nanofibres by electrospinning is first reported. The polypyrrolone nanofibres might be used in solar cell, non-linear optics, conducting and semi-conducting materials.

Purpose - This paper aims to present an exploratory investigation into ten-year (1995-2004) patterns of trade specialization among Eastern European and former Soviet Union Nations, assessing patterns of comparative advantage across the textile machinery, man-made fiber, textile, and apparel sectors of the textile complex to determine whether these conform with both trade specialization and industry evolution theories.Design methodology approach - A revealed symmetric comparative advantage index is employed to evaluate international competitiveness for 27 Eastern European and former Soviet Union Nations over a ten-year period. Repeated measures ANOVA is used to determine the significance of the observed patterns across four income-defined groups of nations.Findings - Overall, the pattern of export development and RSCA generally reflects expectations regarding factor proportions theory and industry evolution models. The RMANOVA partially confirms the observations. The analysis indicates that income group does not independently affect comparative advantage; however, the nature of products is the significant factor influencing national comparative advantage.Practical implications - The established models may be better at understanding those nations which have established relatively stable politic and economic environment, and been experiencing earlier stages of industry development, but appear less useful in predicting development patterns for those nations experiencing dramatic transitions from regulated to de-regulated markets.Originality value - The patterns of national comparative advantage in a vertical textile complex are identified for Eastern European and former Soviet Union Nations. The dynamics of change over a ten-year period following economic reforms are revealed.