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"MARINE RESOURCES"
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Capacity shortfalls hinder the performance of marine protected areas globally
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being used globally to conserve marine resources. However, whether many MPAs are being effectively and equitably managed, and how MPA management influences substantive outcomes remain unknown. We developed a global database of management and fish population data (433 and 218 MPAs, respectively) to assess: MPA management processes; the effects of MPAs on fish populations; and relationships between management processes and ecological effects. Here we report that many MPAs failed to meet thresholds for effective and equitable management processes, with widespread shortfalls in staff and financial resources. Although 71% of MPAs positively influenced fish populations, these conservation impacts were highly variable. Staff and budget capacity were the strongest predictors of conservation impact: MPAs with adequate staff capacity had ecological effects 2.9 times greater than MPAs with inadequate capacity. Thus, continued global expansion of MPAs without adequate investment in human and financial capacity is likely to lead to sub-optimal conservation outcomes.
Although 71% of marine protected areas are benefiting fish populations, their effects are highly variable, with staff capacity proving to be the most important explanatory variable.
Staff needed to safeguard seas
Marine protected areas are proliferating quickly in the hope of safeguarding marine resources. Here David Gill and colleagues show that inadequate staffing capacity is compromising the efficacy of marine protected areas globally. They analyse fish biomass and management data for marine protected areas around the world and find that, although 71% of these protected areas are benefiting fish populations, the effects are highly variable. Staff capacity was identified as the most important explanatory variable, accounting for around 19% of the variation in the benefits of marine protection. They suggest that continued expansion of marine protected areas around the globe without adequate investment in human and financial capacity could limit marine conservation outcomes.
Journal Article
Marine conservation
\"Examines human use and abuse of the world's seas and oceans and their marine life, and the various approaches to management and conservation\"--Amazon.com.
BOOK
Encyclopedia of Ocean Law and Policy in Asia-Pacific
The Encyclopedia of Ocean Law and Policy in Asia-Pacific provides a detailed snapshot of the contemporary and historic ocean law and policy of numerous states across the region, from the perspective of regional authors and utilizing a consistent subject outline to promote comparative research.
eBook
Conflicts over marine and coastal common resources : causes, governance and prevention
\"Global marine and coastal systems are under increasing pressure, leading to competition and conflict over common pool resources. Holistic management strategies such as ecosystem-based management and marine protected areas have been slow and problematic as conflicts prevent political consensus. This book explores the types of conflicts that occur, the underlying reasons, and attempts to resolve them. Case studies cover shipping, fisheries and aquaculture, biodiversity conservation, energy and tourism sectors and are drawn from the northern and southern hemispheres as well as developed and developing countries, including Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Ireland, UK and USA\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
International law and marine areas beyond national jurisdiction : reflections on justice, space, knowledge and power
This book investigates competing constructions of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and their role in the creation and articulations of legal principles, providing a broader perspective on the ongoing negotiation at the UN on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.
eBook
21st century Maritime Silk Road : a peaceful way forward
\"This book focuses on understanding the characteristics of the marine environment; overall characteristic of the marine resources (especially the marine new energy) and their current utilization; important routes, channels, and ports; and the Maritime Silk Road from the perspective of international law. It also discusses the significance and opportunities of the Maritime Silk Road initiative, analyzes the challenges involved in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road and provides corresponding countermeasures. Based on the above research, this book also proposes to construct a comprehensive application platform for the Maritime Silk Road that will be a practical tool for decision-making. This book is one of the series publications on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as \"Maritime Silk Road\"). This series publications cover the characteristics of the marine environment and marine new energy, remote islands and reefs construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, etc. contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, thus to improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment, improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, and protect the rights, interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It will be a valuable reference for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Global seasonal forecasts of marine heatwaves
Marine heatwaves (MHWs)—periods of exceptionally warm ocean temperature lasting weeks to years—are now widely recognized for their capacity to disrupt marine ecosystems
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. The substantial ecological and socioeconomic impacts of these extreme events present significant challenges to marine resource managers
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, who would benefit from forewarning of MHWs to facilitate proactive decision-making
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. However, despite extensive research into the physical drivers of MHWs
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, there has been no comprehensive global assessment of our ability to predict these events. Here we use a large multimodel ensemble of global climate forecasts
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to develop and assess MHW forecasts that cover the world’s oceans with lead times of up to a year. Using 30 years of retrospective forecasts, we show that the onset, intensity and duration of MHWs are often predictable, with skilful forecasts possible from 1 to 12 months in advance depending on region, season and the state of large-scale climate modes, such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. We discuss considerations for setting decision thresholds based on the probability that a MHW will occur, empowering stakeholders to take appropriate actions based on their risk profile. These results highlight the potential for operational MHW forecasts, analogous to forecasts of extreme weather phenomena, to promote climate resilience in global marine ecosystems.
Climate forecast systems are used to develop and evaluate global predictions of marine heatwaves (MHWs), highlighting the feasibility of predicting MHWs and providing a foundation for operational MHW forecasts to support climate adaptation and resilience.
Journal Article
Opportunity for marine fisheries reform in China
China’s 13th Five-Year Plan, launched in March 2016, provides a sound policy platform for the protection of marine ecosystems and the restoration of capture fisheries within China’s exclusive economic zone. What distinguishes China among many other countries striving for marine fisheries reform is its size—accounting for almost one-fifth of global catch volume—and the unique cultural context of its economic and resource management. In this paper, we trace the history of Chinese government priorities, policies, and outcomes related to marine fisheries since the 1978 Economic Reform, and examine how the current leadership’s agenda for “ecological civilization” could successfully transform marine resource management in the coming years. We show how China, like many other countries, has experienced a decline in the average trophic level of its capture fisheries during the past few decades, and how its policy design, implementation, and enforcement have influenced the status of its wild fish stocks. To reverse the trend in declining fish stocks, the government is introducing a series of new programs for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, with greater traceability and accountability in marine resource management and area controls on coastal development. As impressive as these new plans are on paper, we conclude that serious institutional reforms will be needed to achieve a true paradigm shift in marine fisheries management in China. In particular, we recommend new institutions for science-based fisheries management, secure fishing access, policy consistency across provinces, educational programs for fisheries managers, and increasing public access to scientific data.
Journal Article