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"MEDICAL History."
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Tuberculosis and the Politics of Exclusion
Though notorious for its polluted air today, the city of Los Angeles once touted itself as a health resort. After the arrival of the transcontinental railroad in 1876, publicists launched a campaign to portray the city as the promised land, circulating countless stories of miraculous cures for the sick and debilitated. As more and more migrants poured in, however, a gap emerged between the city's glittering image and its dark reality.
Emily K. Abel shows how the association of the disease with \"tramps\" during the 1880s and 1890s and Dust Bowl refugees during the 1930s provoked exclusionary measures against both groups. In addition, public health officials sought not only to restrict the entry of Mexicans (the majority of immigrants) during the 1920s but also to expel them during the 1930s.
Abel's revealing account provides a critical lens through which to view both the contemporary debate about immigration and the U.S. response to the emergent global tuberculosis epidemic.
eBook
The anatomy of murder
This is the first comprehensive account of \"Anatomy in National Socialism\". Traces the gradual escalation of ethical transgressions in anatomy during National Socialism from the traditional anatomical work with the dead to human experimentation, and points to the need for vigilance against similar gradual ethical compromise in contemporary medical ethics. Demonstrates the manner in which anatomists became complicit in the complete annihilation of the perceived \"enemies\" of the Nazi-government. Demands the full reconstruction of the biographies and memorialization of Nazi-victims, whose bodies were used for anatomical purposes.
eBook
Impact of providing a customized guideline on virtual medical history taking in two serious games for medical education
Serious games are known as safe learning environments, allowing medical students to train their skills without endangering patients' safety. By integrating virtual patients via chatbots, serious games provide the opportunity to practice history taking. The study investigated the impact of self-directed learning by means of a customized guideline on history taking in two distinct chatbot systems embedded in serious games.
Fourth-year medical students (
= 159) were randomized to one of two serious games, each representing an emergency department and simulating different clinical scenarios. Students played the serious games at two measurement points and received a guideline between both sessions. The chatbots differed in the manner of query entry, with one requiring students to formulate history taking questions themselves, while the other provided a long menu of selectable questions. The dependent variables analyzed included the history taking data entered into the chatbots, represented as a quantified history score, as well as students' comparative self-assessments of their learning outcomes.
Comparing only the first measurement point, students achieved higher scores in the free-entry chatbot (85.2 ± 27.7) compared to the long menu chatbot (78.8 ± 35.7). Students achieved significantly higher scores in the second than in the first session in the long menu chatbot (
(315) = -2.918,
= .004,
= -0.229) but not in the free-entry chatbot after receiving the guideline. In terms of students' self-assessment, no significant difference between both serious games was found.
The results suggest that history taking benefits from self-directed learning in a long menu format relying on cued recall but not in a free-entry chatbot relying on free recall. Since serious games are partially artificial learning environments for training history taking, future studies should examine the extent to which students can transfer their learning in and out of serious games.
Journal Article
Medical inventions : the best of health
\"Innovations in the medical field save countless lives daily. In this fascinating title, a timeline of breakthrough medical inventions is explored through dynamic photographs and interesting fact boxes. Fleming's advances with penicillin and the invention of the X-ray machine are some of the featured inventions that keep us in \"the best of health!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Chief Concern of Medicine
Unlike any existing studies of the medical humanities,The Chief Concern of Medicinebrings to the examination of medical practices a thorough---and clearly articulated---exposition of the nature of narrative. The book builds on the work of linguistics, semiotics, narratology, and discourse theory and examines numerous literary works and narrative \"vignettes\" of medical problems, situations, and encounters. Throughout, the book presents usable expositions of the ways storytelling organizes itself to allow physicians and other healthcare workers (and even patients themselves) to be more attentive to and self-conscious about the information---the \"narrative knowledge\"---of the patient's story.
eBook
A history of lung cancer : the recalcitrant disease
\"This is the first comprehensive history of lung cancer, once considered a rare condition and today the leading cause of cancer deaths world-wide. We are used to associating cancer treatment with scientific progress, but a patient diagnosed with lung cancer in 2013 is no more likely to survive the disease for five or more years than a patient undergoing lung cancer surgery in the 1950s. A breakthrough has remained elusive for this condition, now firmly associated with the smoking of cigarettes. Drawing on many unpublished and little-used sources, this book tells the history of lung cancer, of doctors and patients, hopes and fears, expectations and frustrations over the past 200 years, as a rare chest affliction transformed into a major killer. Suggesting that lung cancer is not the only recalcitrant disease, Timmermann asks what happens when medical progress does not seem to make much difference\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Philosophy and Dietetics in the Hippocratic on Regimen
This book offers the first extended study published in English on the Hippocratic treatise On Regimen, one of the most important pre-Platonic documents of the discussion of human nature and other topics at the intersection of ancient medicine and philosophy.
eBook