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Adolescent physical and mental development is a perspective that the humanistic sociology of sports focuses on in the field of youth sports. This paper investigates how the use of AI technology in sports will affect the physical and mental development of youth. In order to overcome the shortcomings of small samples, high dimensionality, and high noise in youth physical and mental development data, this paper adopts dimensionality reduction methods such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis to reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional data. Using the processed data, the physical and mental development data of youth were successfully classified into four categories: social interaction, training intensity, psychological state, and cultural influence. The study on the correlation between the AI model and youth physical and mental development takes soccer as an example and adopts the method of pre and post-tests of actual experiments to select students from a high school to conduct the test of physical and psychological indexes before and after the experiments. Physical and psychological index tests before and after the experiment were significantly better for students in the experimental group using AI technology compared to those in the control group not using AI technology.

Aims: To describe perinatal factors associated with later morbidity among extremely preterm children at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Population: Of 308 surviving children born at ⩽25 weeks gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March to December 1995, 283 (92%) were evaluated at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Methods: Cerebral palsy, severe motor disability, and Bayley scores were used as dependent variables in sequential multiple regression analyses to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Results: Adverse outcomes were consistently more common in boys. Factors related to perinatal illness, ultrasound evidence of brain injury, and treatment (particularly postnatal steroids) were associated with adverse motor outcomes (cerebral palsy, disability or Bayley psychomotor development index). Increasing duration of postnatal steroid treatment was associated with poor motor outcomes. A score was developed for severe motor disability with good negative predictive value. In contrast, mental development was associated with a broader range of factors: ethnic group, maternal educational level, the use of antenatal steroids, and prolonged rupture of membranes in addition to chronic lung disease. Conclusion: Male sex is a pervasive risk factor for poor outcome at extremely low gestations. Avoidable or effective treatment factors are identified, which may indicate the potential for improving outcome.

The conditions under which the life of a contemporary person goes are often and justifiably called extreme ones which stimulate the development of stress. This is connected with many factors and threats, including socio-economic, environmental and natural ones. The author substantiates in the article the importance of the study of psychological aspects in the interdisciplinary problem of human interaction with the environment. The interest in this problem is determined by the exacerbation of global environmental problems of mankind, the need for psychological support for the implementation of the concept of \"sustainable development\". The areas in Western psychology are analyzed, united by a common scientific problem that have areas of subject and methodological intersection: environmental psychology, ecopsychology, psychology of interaction with the environment and psychology of sustainable development. Many researchers consider the ambiguity of the concept of \"ecology of mental development\" which is widely used in modern psychological writing. Some authors assert that correlation of the context of foreign and Russian studies will contribute to more active involvement of psychologists in solving real problems of human interaction with the environment. Besides, the paper presents the results of an empirical study of the phenomenon of suicide from the perspective of an ecological approach. Suicidal behavior is considered as a disturbance of the \"sustainable development\" of an individual and as a destructive response to the \"global challenges\". Considering suicide as a deep act that brings a person closer to comprehending the fundamental worldviews of being, there is a need to consider risk factors and preventive factors of the manifestation of suicide. In this context, the level of the person's hardiness is discussed as a factor that harmonizes the personal ecology of a person and thereby prevents the risk of suicide. Conclusions have been drawn that hardiness is a strong personal resource to overcome the negative impact of stressful situations in a system of unfavorable social ecology, and thus, a resource to prevent the risk of suicidal behavior.

Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for physical and mental development; thus, they are high-risk periods for the occurrence of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between bullying and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE and other databases to identify studies related to bullying behavior and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. A total of 31 studies were included, with a total sample size of 133,688 people. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the risk of depression in children and adolescents who were bullied was 2.77 times higher than that of those who were not bullied; the risk of depression in bullying individuals was 1.73 times higher than that in nonbullying individuals; and the risk of depression in individuals who bullied and experienced bullying was 3.19 times higher than that in nonbullying-bullied individuals. This study confirmed that depression in children and adolescents was significantly associated with being bullied, bullying, and bullying-bullied behavior. However, these findings are limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies and need to be confirmed by future studies.

Background/Objectives: Adverse developmental consequences of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants have been frequently reported from developed countries where most of them are preterm. Few reports are available from developing countries, where the problem is huge and newborns are mostly term babies. We aimed to compare mental and psychomotor development and behavior of LBW Bangladeshi infants with those of normal-birth-weight (NBW) infants. Subject/Methods: Secondary data analyses from a randomized controlled trial of fish oil supplementation during pregnancy on infants' development at 10 month. There was no effect of supplementation on infants' development. All LBW ( n =66) and NBW ( n =183) infants were assessed for their mental development index (MDI), psychomotor development index (PDI), behavior and quality of psychosocial stimulation received at home. Socioeconomic information and anthropometric measurements were available, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine group differences. Results: LBW infants scored significantly lower than NBW infants on MDI, PDI, activity and emotional tone. They came from comparatively poorer families and had lower gestational age than the NBW infants. After controlling for possible confounders, the NBW infants had significantly higher MDI ( B =2.7, s.e.=1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6–4.8), PDI ( B =3.5, s.e.=1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–6.0) and activity ( B =0.5, s.e.=0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.9) scores. Furthermore, in a subgroup analyses, a consistent pattern of developmental delay was also noted in favor of term-LBW infants. Conclusions: In a poor-urban Bangladeshi community, LBW infants had significantly lower mental and psychomotor developments and were less active than NBW infants at 10 months of age.

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) by adolescent patients with depression has become a serious public health problem. This cross-sectional study aims to identify subgroups of adolescents based on NSSI and explore the factors related to these subgroups. Methods The study recruited 326 in- and out-patient adolescents (263 girls and 63 boys) aged 12 to 18 years (mean = 14.7, SD = 1.6) who had self-injured in the past year. Latent class indicators included 12 NSSI variables, as well as suicidal ideation. Logistic regression examined associations between identified classes and related factors. Results In this study, two distinct subgroups were identified: a “high suicidal ideation NSSI group” (n = 129, 39.6%) and a “low suicidal ideation NSSI group” (n = 197, 60.4%). Depression (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05–1.16), female (OR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.09–3.69), left-behind experience (OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.17–3.71), single-parent family (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.11–3.04) and peer victimization (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.05) increases the probability of belonging to the “high suicidal ideation NSSI group”. A high level of perceived social support (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99) was a protective factor towards NSSI. Conclusions This study identifies two subgroups of NSSI and the factors associated with each subgroup. The early identification of high-risk groups for major NSSI in adolescents diagnosed with depression is possible due to the identification of correlating factors. Different treatment plans can be developed for different subtypes of NSSI to improve the effectiveness of prevention and intervention, promoting the healthy physical and mental development of adolescents with depression.

Prenatal adversity shapes child neurodevelopment and risk for later mental health problems. The quality of the early care environment can buffer some of the negative effects of prenatal adversity on child development. Retrospective studies, in adult samples, highlight epigenetic modifications as sentinel markers of the quality of the early care environment; however, comparable data from pediatric cohorts are lacking. Participants were drawn from the Maternal Adversity Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) study, a longitudinal cohort with measures of infant attachment, infant development, and child mental health. Children provided buccal epithelial samples (mean age = 6.99, SD = 1.33 years, n = 226), which were used for analyses of genome-wide DNA methylation and genetic variation. We used a series of linear models to describe the association between infant attachment and (a) measures of child outcome and (b) DNA methylation across the genome. Paired genetic data was used to determine the genetic contribution to DNA methylation at attachment-associated sites. Infant attachment style was associated with infant cognitive development (Mental Development Index) and behavior (Behavior Rating Scale) assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 36 months. Infant attachment style moderated the effects of prenatal adversity on Behavior Rating Scale scores at 36 months. Infant attachment was also significantly associated with a principal component that accounted for 11.9% of the variation in genome-wide DNA methylation. These effects were most apparent when comparing children with a secure versus a disorganized attachment style and most pronounced in females. The availability of paired genetic data revealed that DNA methylation at approximately half of all infant attachment-associated sites was best explained by considering both infant attachment and child genetic variation. This study provides further evidence that infant attachment can buffer some of the negative effects of early adversity on measures of infant behavior. We also highlight the interplay between infant attachment and child genotype in shaping variation in DNA methylation. Such findings provide preliminary evidence for a molecular signature of infant attachment and may help inform attachment-focused early intervention programs.

Diabetes during gestation is one of the most common pregnancy complications associated with adverse health effects for the mother and the child. Maternal diabetes has been proposed to negatively affect the cognitive abilities of the child, but experimental research assessing its impact is conflicting. The main aim of our study was to compare the cognitive function in children of diabetic and healthy pregnant women. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through a literature search using different electronic databases from the index date to January 31, 2015. We included studies that assessed the cognitive abilities in children (up to 14 years) of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers using standardized and validated neuropsychological tests. Of 7,698 references reviewed, 12 studies involving 6,140 infants met our inclusion criteria and contributed to meta-analysis. A random effect model was used to compute the standardized mean differences and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Infants (1-2 years) of diabetic mothers had significantly lower scores of mental and psychomotor development compared to control infants. The effect size for mental development was -0.41 (95% CI -0.59, -0.24; p<0.0001) and for psychomotor development was -0.31 (95% CI -0.55, -0.07; p = 0.0125) with non-significant heterogeneity. Diabetes during pregnancy could be associated with decreased intelligence quotient scores in school-age children, although studies showed significant heterogeneity. The association between maternal diabetes and deleterious effects on mental/psychomotor development and overall intellectual function in the offspring must be taken with caution. Results are based on observational cohorts and a direct causal influence of intrauterine hyperglycemia remains uncertain. Therefore, more trials that include larger populations are warranted to elucidate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has a negative impact on offspring central nervous system (CNS).

COVID-19 has caused obstacles in continuing normal life almost everywhere in the world by causing the implementation of social distancing and eventually imposing the lockdown. This has become the reason for the increase in technology usage in daily life for professional work as well as for entertainment purposes. There has been an increased prevalence of technology usage in adolescents and children during lockdown leaving its impact on their lives either in a positive or negative aspect. The overall documented percentage increase of technology usage in children was about 15%, of which smartphone usage has 61.7% of prevalence. Disturbance in brain functioning is suggested to be originated by compromise of neuroplasticity of the nerves. The radiofrequency (RF) radiations emitting from the smartphone are of doubtful concern as a brain tumor risk factor in children. The increased usage can have effects on brain functioning that will compromise sleep and cognitive abilities and develop risk for certain mental illnesses including, but not limited to, depression, anxiety, Alzheimer’s disease, and attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Despite being a threat for developing mental illness, video games are proven to reduce depression and anxiety, and increase creativity, skills, and cognition in children. The increased usage of technology can have a positive and negative impact on the mental development of adolescents and children depending on the trends in the usage. However, parents should be monitoring their children’s mental health and behavior in these difficult times of pandemic.

College students are in a stage of rapid physical and mental development and gradual improvement. The pressure and adversity they experience often lead to mental health problems. This study aimed to explore the relationship between regulatory emotional self-efficacy and adverse mental health outcomes and the mediating role of resilience among Chinese college students. We conducted an online survey involving 1177 college students ( M age = 21.43, SD  = 1.65; 29.1% males) in China. Students were required to complete self-reported questionnaires regarding regulatory emotional self-efficacy, resilience, and adverse mental health outcomes. A structural equation model was used to test the mediating role of resilience in the association between self-efficacy in expressing positive emotions, managing negative emotions and adverse mental health outcomes. The results reveal that self-efficacy in expressing positive emotions was indirectly related to adverse mental health outcomes via resilience, and self-efficacy in managing negative emotions was not only directly related to adverse mental health outcomes but also indirectly related to adverse mental health outcomes through resilience. This study contributed to a better understanding of protective pathways for mental health among Chinese college students. Mental health practitioners and educators should focus on promoting regulatory emotional self-efficacy and resilience to improve Chinese college students’ mental health.