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The cover feature shows the fabrication of isomorphous substituted MFI nanosheets. They were shown to remarkably improve the catalytic activity in glucose conversion to fructose due to the major contribution of tetrahedrally coordinated Sn in the framework together with hierarchical structures, eventually facilitating molecular transportation of bulky molecules to the active sites. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Chularat Wattanakit, and co‐workers.

Type of the article: Research Article AbstractFraud remains a serious challenge for organizations because it can damage integrity, financial stability, and public trust. One of the main difficulties in overcoming fraud is understanding the factors that influence the occurrence of such actions, both from the individual and institutional side. This study aims to analyze the influence of factors that trigger fraud, both directly and through mediation and moderation mechanisms with a focus on legal ambiguity, rationalization, opportunity, and capability. The study was conducted on 333 managers of microfinance institutions in Central Java, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS to test the direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results showed that legal ambiguity, rationalization, and work pressure had an effect on fraud. Rationalization mediation significantly strengthened the relationship between legal ambiguity and fraud, while mediation through opportunity and work pressure did not show a significant effect. Besides, moderation of capability on the relationship between rationalization and fraud was also significant, indicating that individuals with high capabilities tend to strengthen rationalization in committing fraud. Conversely, moderation of capability on work pressure and opportunity did not show significant results. These findings provide theoretical contributions to the development of risk management and organizational behavior literature, and offer practical insights for managers and policy makers to reduce fraud risks through improving regulatory structures, enforcing strict rules, and strengthening ethical values within organizations. AcknowledgmentThanks are expressed to the Directorate General of Higher Education, Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology for supporting this research. Thanks also go to the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) of Unisnu Jepara Indonesia.

PurposeTo develop an analytical platform for the estimation as well as characterization of aggregates over the complete size spectrum (from invisible monomer to visible precipitates).MethodsTwo mAb samples were incubated at 30°C in different buffer systems of protein A chromatography for observing degradation due to aggregation. The aggregation in these samples was quantified by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and micro flow imaging (MFI).ResultsThe results obtained from various characterization tools were analysed in various size ranges - size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (1 nm - 25 nm), dynamic light scattering (DLS) (10 nm - 5 μm), and micro flow imaging (MFI) (2 μm - 300 μm). Since each characterization tool covers a particular size range, data from multiple tools was collected in the “handover” regions to demonstrate accuracy of the platform.ConclusionsBased on the observations from the experiments, an analytical platform has been proposed covering the whole size spectrum that would be of utility to those engaged in formulation development as well as other aspects related to stability of biotherapeutic products.

Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) is attracting attention as one of the promising technologies for CO2 conversion. Selective removal of H2O from the reaction system can improve the CO2 conversion beyond the equilibrium conversion of RWGS in a conventional reactor. In this study, a conventional plug-flow reactor without membrane, and two types of RWGS membrane reactors using ZSM-5 membranes, were developed. The yield of CO without membrane (Case 1) was almost the same as the equilibrium conversion. A membrane reactor (Case 2) showed a CO yield 2–3% above that of a conventional reactor. From the results, the effectiveness of the dehydration membrane reactor for RWGS was verified. In addition, CO yield was further increased in the reactor made up of the combination of conventional reactor and membrane reactor (Case 3). For example, the CO yields in Cases 1, 2, and 3 at 560 K were 21.8, 24.9, and 29.0%, respectively. Although the CO yield increased in Case 2, a large amount of raw materials penetrated through the membrane to the permeation side, and was lost. In Case 3, H2 and CO2 permeation through the membrane were suppressed because of the existence of H2O, resulting in the prevention of the leakage of raw material, and contributing to the high CO yield.

Engineering of crystal morphology affects the catalytic and adsorption properties of zeolitic materials. Considering the anisotropic diffusion of molecules derived from its topological features, MFI zeolite nanosheets with short b -axis thickness are highly desired materials to reduce diffusion resistance. However, the design and development of eco-friendly synthesis protocols with reasonable cost and high efficiency remain elusive. Herein, we reported a systematic study on the synthesis of MFI nanosheets using urea as an additive. Both silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 zeolites (MFI type framework structure) with controllable b-thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm were achieved by optimizing the synthetic parameters including water content, urea and SDA concentrations. The concentration of hydroxide anions was found to dominate the crystallization kinetics compared with the counterpart tetrapropylammonium cations (TPA + ). To facilitate the crystal growth of MFI zeolites in the presence of urea, the ratio OH − /SiO 2 has to be higher than 0.2, independent of the TPA + concentration. The role of urea in the assistance of plate-like crystal formation through the inhibition of (010) facet growth was revealed by electron microscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy analyses. The developed strategy for morphological engineering is not limited to the MFI-type zeolite and can be applied to other frameworks depending on the intrinsic properties of additive molecules and the interactions between them.

BackgroundEfficacy of nusinersen in adult 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients regarding motor function has recently been demonstrated. However, additional outcome measures are needed to capture non-motor improvements. Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in neurologic diseases, but little is known about its frequency, characteristics and associated factors in SMA.ObjectiveTo characterize fatigue in SMA patients receiving nusinersen, identify associated factors and evaluate fatigue as potential patient-reported outcome measure (PRO).MethodsWe assessed fatigue in adults with genetically confirmed 5q-SMA in a prospective longitudinal monocentric study using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Factors associated with fatigue including health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were evaluated.Results75% of participants were abnormally fatigued with highest scores in the dimensions physical, followed by general fatigue and reduced activity. 53% agreed that fatigue was among their three most disabling symptoms. Reduced activity was reported more extensively by participants with ≥ 4 copies of the survival of motor neuron 2 gene and better motor function. General and mental fatigue correlated positively with age and disease duration. HRQOL was inversely correlated with physical fatigue, which was not associated with disease or participant characteristics. During 14 months of nusinersen treatment, fatigue measures remained mostly stable with a trend towards improvement in reduced activity, general and physical fatigue.ConclusionFatigue is a frequent and relevant complaint in adult SMA patients. Fatigue should be taken into consideration as additional outcome measure, but needs further evaluation in a larger patient cohort over a longer observation period.

This study investigates the influence of mesoporosity, pre-created by alkali etching in ZSM-5 zeolite, on the characteristics of Fe3+ ion-exchange and subsequent changes in its textural and optical properties. It is shown that the formed hierarchical porosity facilitates the penetration of hydrated iron complexes into the internal channels. This not only increases the degree of exchange, but also leads to the formation of multinuclear FexOy clusters and, possibly, to the partial isomorphic replacement of Al3+ with Fe3+ in the framework. Comprehensive characterization of mesoporous samples (XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis) confirms the preservation of the microporous crystal structure of MFI on the one hand, and demonstrates a significant change in the distribution of iron-containing species in mesoporous matrices on the other. The introduction of Fe ions significantly reduces the bandgap energy, shifting the absorption edge into the visible range. The results obtained demonstrate that preliminary mesostructuring is an effective approach for creating hierarchically porous Fe zeolites with great potential for photocatalytic applications.

Purpose Studies have demonstrated correlations between frailty and comorbidity scores with adverse outcomes in total knee replacement (TKR). However, there is a lack of consensus on the most suitable pre-operative assessment tool. This study aims to compare Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Modified Frailty Index (MFI), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in predicting adverse post-operative complications and functional outcomes following a unilateral TKR. Methods In total, 811 unilateral TKR patients from a tertiary hospital were identified. Pre-operative variables were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, CFS, MFI, and CCI. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain odd ratios of pre-operative variables on adverse post-operative complications (length of stay < LOS >, complications, ICU/HD admission, discharge location, 30-day readmission, 2-year reoperation). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate the standardized effects of pre-operative variables on the Knee Society Functional Score (KSFS), Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and 36-Item Short Form Survey ( SF -36). Results CFS is a strong predictor for LOS (OR 1.876, p  < 0.001), complications (OR 1.83–4.97, p  < 0.05), discharge location (OR 1.84, p  < 0.001), and 2-year reoperation rate (OR 1.98, p  < .001). ASA and MFI were predictors for ICU/HD admission (OR:4.04, p  = 0.002; OR 1.58, p  = 0.022, respectively). None of the scores was predictive for 30-day readmission. A higher CFS was associated with a worse outcome for 6-month KSS, 2-year KSS, 6-month OKS, 2-year OKS, and 6-month SF-36. Conclusion CFS is a superior predictor for post-operative complications and functional outcomes than MFI and CCI in unilateral TKR patients. This suggests the importance of assessing pre-operative functional status when planning for TKR. Level of evidence Diagnostic, II.

Introducing hierarchical structure into zeolites or synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) zeolite nanosheets have drawn much attention in catalysis and separation process due to the improvement in zeolites’ diffusion properties. In this study, Fe incorporated on the MFI zeolite framework (Fe-MFI) with the nanosheet morphology and unique hierarchical pore structure was successfully synthesized and applied for the adsorption and degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in a Fenton-like reaction in the presence of H2O2. The synthesis involved a seed-directed hydrothermal method in the presence of NH4F and a subsequent NaOH treatment made the synthesized hierarchical Fe-MFI nanosheets (Fe-20-10) characterized by abundant highly dispersed framework Fe3+ species. As a result of these features, the Fe-20-10 showed excellent ability of adsorption and degradation efficiency of RhB, and enhanced durability due to negligible leaching of framework Fe3+ species. Moreover, the hydroxyl radicals were determined as the main the reactive oxygen species of RhB degradation, and a possible adsorption–degradation pathway was proposed. This work offers guidance for developing high-performance Fenton-like degradation catalysts.

The integration of communication and sensing (ICAS) in optical networks is an inevitable trend in building intelligent, multi-scenario, application-converged communication systems. However, due to the impact of nonlinear effects, co-fiber transmission of sensing signals and communication signals can cause interference to the communication signals, leading to an increased bit error rate (BER). This paper proposes a noncoherent solution based on the alternate polarization chirped return-to-zero frequency shift keying (Apol-CRZ-FSK) modulation format to realize a 4 × 100 Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical network. Simulation results show that compared to traditional modulation formats, such as chirped return-to-zero frequency shift keying (CRZ-FSK) and differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK), this solution demonstrates superior resistance to nonlinear effects, enabling longer transmission distances and better transmission performance. Moreover, to meet the transmission requirements and signal sensing and recognition needs in future optical networks, this study employs the Inception-ResNet-v2 convolutional neural network model to identify three modulation formats. Compared with six deep learning methods including AlexNet, ResNet50, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet, Inception-v4, and Xception, it achieves the highest performance. This research provides a low-cost, low-complexity, and high-performance solution for signal transmission and signal recognition in high-speed optical networks designed for integrated communication and sensing.