Explore the vast range of titles available.

The Fe-bearing intermetallic phases present in the as-cast AA6026 alloy and their evolution during homogenization treatments at 480-550?C were investigated using optical microscopy, SEM, and TEM techniques in combination with EDS analysis. In addition to the ?-Al(Fe,Mn)Si phase with dendritic morphology, two types of plate-like Fe-bearing microconstituents were revealed in the microstructure of the as-cast alloy. The EDS microanalysis and electron diffraction showed that one set of platelets represented thin sections of ?-Al(Fe,Mn)Si microconstituent. The other set of plate-like microconstituents was identified as a tetragonal, silicon-rich ?-Al4(Fe,Mn)Si2 phase. The formation of the ?-Al4(Fe,Mn)Si2 phase was attributed to the chemical composition of the alloy. During homogenization, the metastable ?-Al4(Fe,Mn)Si2 transformed into the ?-Al(Fe,Mn)Si phase and fragmented. The dendritic ?-Al(Fe,Mn)Si microconstituents underwent fragmentation. However, while the ?-Al(Fe,Mn)Si microconstituents preserved a b.c.c. crystal lattice throughout the process, the product of the transformation of the ?-Al4(Fe,Mn)Si2 phase exhibited primitive cubic lattice.

This study investigates microstructure development of AA5182 Al-Mg alloy under various homogenization conditions and how these conditions affect recrystallization processes and texture development during the laboratory hot-rolling. Homogenization treatments were conducted for 16 h at 490?C and 4 h, 16 h and 96 h at 550?C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the presence of Al3(Fe,Mn) and Alm(Fe,Mn) phases as Fe/Mn-bearing microconstituents in as-cast state. These transformed into Al6(Fe,Mn) and ?-Al(Fe,Mn)Si during homogenization treatments. The treatments also led to precipitation of Al6(Mn,Fe) and ?-Al(Fe,Mn)Si dispersoid particles. The results of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) indicated that a weak deformation texture was present after the hot-rolling. The morphology of grains and degree of restoration were significantly influenced by homogenization conditions. The distribution and density of dispersoids had a strong effect on the mechanisms of recovery and recrystallization.

The main scope of this study investigated the occurrence of liquation cracking in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of IN738 superalloy weld, IN738 is widely used in gas turbine blades in land-based power plants. Microstructural examinations showed considerable amounts of γ’ uniformly precipitated in the γ matrix. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) maps showed the γ-γ’ colonies were rich in Al and Ti, but lean in other alloy elements. Moreover, the metal carbides (MC), fine borides (M3B2 and M5B3), η-Ni3Ti, σ (Cr-Co) and lamellar Ni7Zr2 intermetallic compounds could be found at the interdendritic boundaries. The fracture morphologies and the corresponding EPMA maps confirmed that the liquation cracking in the HAZ of the IN738 superalloy weld resulted from the presence of complex microconstituents at the interdendritic boundaries.

In this paper, we present derivations of three micropolar nonclassical continuum theories in which a material point always has displacements u as degrees of freedom. Additionally, (i) in the first nonclassical continuum theory (NCCT) we consider internal or classical rotations iΘ (known) due to skew symmetric part of the deformation gradient tensor; (ii) in the second NCCT, we consider both internal rotations iΘ and external or Cosserat or microrotations eΘ (unknown degrees of freedom); (iii) in the third NCCT, we consider Cosserat rotations eΘ only; hence, iΘ are neglected in this NCCT. We examine consistent choice of kinematic variables, modifications of conservation and balance laws of classical continuum theories (CCTs) due to the presence of new physics of rotations and determine whether the consideration of rotations requires additional balance laws. NCC theories derived here are examined for thermodynamic and mathematical consistency and are compared with published works. Model problem studies are also presented.

Purpose Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory and thrombotic mediator that participates in the initiation and prolongation of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of wine consumption on platelet aggregation against PAF. Methods The study had cross-over design. Ten healthy men participated in four daily trials on separate days: They consumed a standardized meal along with white wine, Robola variety (trial R ), or red wine, Cabernet Sauvignon variety (trial CS), or an ethanol solution (trial E ), or water (trial W ). Blood samples were collected before and after meal consumption and at several time points during the next 6 h. Platelet aggregation against PAF (EC 50 values) and several blood biomarkers were measured, and incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) were calculated. Results A significant trial effect was found in platelet sensitivity against PAF ( p trial  = 0.01). Moreover, the iAUC–PAF EC 50 of CS trial was higher compared to both iAUC–PAF EC 50 of E and W trials ( P  = 0.04, P  = 0.02). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 iAUC was higher in all alcoholic beverages compare with the one of W trial ( P E  = 0.05, P R  = 0.01, P CS  = 0.01). Triacylglycerol iAUC increased significantly only in E compared to W trial ( P  = 0.04) and were significantly lower at 60–120 min in wine trials compared to the one of E ( P  < 0.05). Conclusions Wine consumption improved platelet sensitivity independently of alcohol, kept triacylglycerols at lower levels during their postprandial elevation, and did not affect plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels more adversely than ethanol per se.

The physicochemical research of ammonium fluoride processing of ash and slag waste is performed as a case-study of ash waste of Blagoveshchensk thermal station and fly ash of Amur experimental technology facility. The optimized conditions are determined for some reactions, including fluorination of feedstock in the temperature range of 50–200 °C, sublimation of ammonium hexafluorosilicate at 350–550 °C, as well as production of amorphous silica, fine-grain alumina, red iron-oxide pigment and calcium fluoride. The basic distribution patterns of rare earths, including Sc and Y, during ammonium fluoride processing are determined. The authors have developed the effective innovation technology for various ash and slag waste processing with extraction of ore microconstituents.

A review of the literature published in 2013 on topics relating to disinfection processes is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: disinfection methods, microbiology and microbial communities, disinfection byproducts, the effect of disinfectants on microconstituents, and biosolids.

The relevance and significance of the findings of chemicals of emerging concern at nanogram concentrations in recycled water is critically important for the consumers of these crops. The relevance and significance of these chemicals at these concentrations is placed in perspective in terms of the number of years of consumption necessary to accrue one acceptable daily intake every day, over a lifetime, specifically for carbamazepine. In this paper, the number of years is calculated and found to far exceed the maximum human life expectancy, even assuming that the individual consumes a mix of fruits and vegetables irrigated with recycled water throughout an 80-year life span, excluding other food crops free from carbamazepine.

Part I: Occurrence, Fate, and Transport (this literature review) summarizes research appearing in 2012 on the occurrence of emerging pollutants in wastewater and environmental waters, sources of emerging pollutants, the fate and transport of emerging pollutants in the environment, monitoring approaches, modeling, and regulatory discussions. Toxicity studies are included where relevant specifically to wastewater. Part II: Treatment (the companion to this review) includes discussion of water and wastewater treatment technologies on emerging pollutants.

Nine laboratory-scale continuous flow porous-pot bioreactors, operating at various solids retention times (SRT) and hydraulic retention times, were used to simulate activated sludge systems, and to evaluate biodegradation kinetic models for the fate of 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol-A (BPA), and triclosan (TCS) at the g/L range. Mathematical models were applied to describe the degradation mechanism of selected microconstituents and the pseudo-second-order model was found to best fit the results when active microconstituent degraders (XC) were used (r² = 0.99). The result of XC estimation showed that SRT plays an important role in formation of the biomass capable of degrading selected micro-constituents. It is also observed that microconstituent degraders are naturally present in an activated sludge system, even at low SRTs; however, the concentration of XC is dependent on SRT. It seems that biodegradation studies should incorporate XC, and not mixed liquor suspended solids concentration, in their kinetic formulations.