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"MIDI (Standard)"
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The MIDI Standard
The Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) standard transformed the world of musical hardware. This chapter presents the MIDI standard, its evolution over time, and its inner workings, from day one until its modern form. After the brief tour of the hardware and software layers of the MIDI standard, it examines the structure of a few example MIDI actions and their messages in more detail. To specify the set of all parameters supported by a musical device more precisely, the MIDI Manufacturer's Association and the Japanese MIDI Standard Committee designed a document known as the “MIDI Implementation Chart” that must be provided together with any musical device. The first column specifies the message type, the second specifies the transmission functions, the third defines the receiving functions, and the final column contains any remarks.
Book Chapter
Reversible data hiding in Standard MIDI Files by adjusting delta time values
In this paper, an effective method of hiding information in Standard MIDI Files (SMF) is presented. The method simultaneously shifts the binary representations of both the division value and non-zero delta time values in a MIDI file left in order to hide information, and embeds secret information in the bits of the non-zero delta time values produced by the left shifting
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The number of left shift bits is in accordance with both the tolerance of beat-changing and the size of the secret information to be embedded. Experimental results show that the proposed method is not only able to embed secret information in Standard MIDI Files without influencing their playing quality, but is also able to recover the original MIDI files without distortion after the hidden data have been extracted.
Journal Article
Enabling Collaborative Musical Activities through Wireless Sensor Networks
In professional audio production the setup of electronic musical devices is a time-consuming and error-prone process, as it involves manual operations like establishing local configurations and carrying cables for each device. Such is the case of MIDI (musical instrument digital interface), which is widely used in the context of musical applications. On the other hand, the capabilities of WSN (wireless sensor networks) allow developers to build up more complex applications, since nodes have the ability of autoidentifying, autoconfiguring, and establishing associations with other nodes, behaving in a smarter way than other networks. In this paper, we propose the use of an optimized WSN network for interconnecting MIDI devices. This network has been named collaborative musical wireless network (CMWN): it eases device configuration, enables musical collaboration, and allows artists to explore new ways of expression. The paper also presents the hardware and performance results of a prototype able to create CMWNs.
Journal Article
Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants
The toxicological monographs in this volume summarize the safety and intake data on five food additives (annatto extracts, lycopene synthetic and lycopene from Blakeslea trispora, and propyl paraben). This volume also contains monographs summarizing toxicological and intake data on four food contaminants (aluminium, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and methylmercury). This volume and others in the WHO Food Additives Series contain information that is useful to those who produce and use food additives and veterinary drugs and those involved with controlling contaminants in food, government and food regulatory officers, industrial testing laboratories, toxicological laboratories, and universities.
eBook
Translational Approaches in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
This groundbreaking volume is the first-ever book to focus on the translational aspect of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE/RM). It offers a unique approach that helps bridge the gap between laboratory discovery and clinical translation/applications. This landmark book identifies the current and upcoming roadblocks in the area of scientific research and technological development of stem cells, tissue engineering, wound healing, and in vivo animal models. You find comprehensive coverage of the technological, regulatory and funding aspects of TE/RM from leading authorities in the field. The book presents the very latest details in this cutting-edge area, covering multiple tissues, organs and systems. Key topics range from stem cells in regenerative medicine - to common and enabling approaches in TE/RM - to federal funding, industrial approaches, and regulatory mechanisms. This one-of-a-kind resource offers you an interdisciplinary blend of critical knowledge that shows how biology, engineering, and medical research have self-assembled into the growing field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
eBook
Announcements: Start of Distributed MIDI Standard - Transmission over Ethernet and IEEE 802.11
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards Association has begun work on a standard (IEEE P1639, \"Standard for Transmission of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) Data within Local Area Networks: Distributed MIDI - DMIDI\") to extend the reach of MIDI devices by allowing for MIDI transmission over Ethernet and IEEE 802.11 networks.
Journal Article
The MIDI Files: Music Isn't Just for Listening Anymore
Provides advice to electronic musicians on using Standard MIDI Files (SMFs) to store electronic music compositions and collaborate with other electronic musicians via SMFs sent through the Internet, computer diskettes, etc. Examines the three SMF formats, discusses compatibility issues with various synthesizers via General MIDI, converting back and forth from SMF format 0 and 1, and related topics. Includes sidebars on related topics.
Magazine Article
The MIDI Files: The Future of MIDI Files
Sidebar from an article providing advice to electronic musicians on how to use Standard MIDI Files to collaborate with musicians via computer discs, the Internet, etc. Brief interview with Tom White, president of the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) on a recent decision by the U.S. Copyright Office that changes the legal status of MIDI files. White explains the positive consequences of the decision on composers and hobbyists and possible new uses for MIDI files in education.
Magazine Article
New Production: The Console-Workstation Interface: is All-in-One Workspace on the Horizon?
Lambert reports on the rise of the \"all-in-one system that allows complete bi-directional control of workstation and console functions in real time.\" He notes that there are few manufacturers offering both workstations and mixers, and analyzes the evolution of the digital audio workstation (DAW).
Magazine Article