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"MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE"
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Irregular migration and invisible welfare
\"This book examines the paradoxical position of irregular migrants in European society, who are often labelled as 'illegal' residents but who in fact provide much needed, essential support to welfare systems. Focusing on care work at home for the elderly, the book argues that increasingly restrictive immigration policies directly contradicts the growing need for care-givers since the majority of those employed are a result of illegal immigration. The book also explores the personal issues faced by these irregular migrants such as their concerns for family members that are left behind and the pressures that migration imposes on these relationships as migrants struggle to improve the daily conditions of their lives\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Human Mobility and Droplet-Transmissible Pediatric Infectious Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The study tested the hypothesis that human mobility may be a potential factor affecting reductions in droplet-transmissible pediatric infectious diseases (PIDs) during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mitigation period in 2020. An ecological study was conducted using two publicly available datasets: surveillance on infectious diseases collected by the Japanese government and COVID-19 community mobility reports presented by Google. The COVID-19 community mobility reports demonstrated percentage reductions in the movement of people over time in groceries and pharmacies, parks, and transit stations. We compared the weekly trends in the number of patients with droplet-transmissible PIDs identified in 2020 with those identified in the previous years (2015–2019) and assessed the correlations between the numbers of patients and percentage decreases in human mobility during 2020. Despite experiencing their peak seasons, dramatic reductions were found in the numbers of patients with pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) and group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis after the tenth week of 2020. Beyond the 20th week, no seasonal peaks were observed in the number of patients with all PIDs identified in 2020. Significant correlations were found between the percentage decreases in human mobility in transit stations and the number of patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease (Pearson correlation coefficient [95% confidence interval]: 0.65 [0.44–0.79]), PCF (0.47 [0.21–0.67]), respiratory syncytial virus infection (0.45 [0.19–0.66]), and GAS pharyngitis (0.34 [0.06–0.58]). The highest correlations were found in places underlying potential human-to-human contacts among adults. These findings suggest that reductions in human mobility for adults might contribute to decreases in the number of children with droplet-transmissible PIDs by the potential prevention of adult-to-child transmission.
Journal Article
To boldly go : how Nichelle Nichols and Star Trek helped advance civil rights
\"Perfect for fans of Hidden Figures and Mae Among the Stars! To Boldly Go tells the true story of Nichelle Nichols and how she used her platform on Star Trek to inspire and recruit a new generation of diverse astronauts and many others in the space and STEM fields. As Lieutenant Uhura on the iconic prime-time television show Star Trek, Nichelle Nichols played the first Black female astronaut anyone had ever seen on screen. A smart, strong, independent Black woman aboard the starship Enterprise was revolutionary in the 1960s when only white men had traveled to outer space in real life and most Black characters on TV were servants. Nichelle not only inspired a generation to pursue their dreams, but also opened the door for the real-life pioneering astronaut Sally Ride, Dr. Mae Jemison, and more. This empowering tribute to the trailblazing pop culture icon reminds us of the importance of perseverance and the power of representation in storytelling. You just might be inspired to boldly go where no one like you has ever gone before!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Where on Earth is Everybody? The Evolution of Global Bilateral Migration 1960–2000
Global matrices of bilateral migrant stocks spanning 1960–2000 are presented, disaggregated by gender and based primarily on the foreign-born definition of migrants. More than one thousand census and population register records are combined to construct decennial matrices corresponding to the five census rounds between 1960 and 2000. For the first time, a comprehensive picture of bilateral global migration over the second half of the 20th century emerges. The data reveal that the global migrant stock increased from 92 million in 1960 to 165 million in 2000. Quantitatively, migration between developing countries dominates, constituting half of all international migration in 2000. When the partition of India and the dissolution of the Soviet Union are accounted for, migration between developing countries is remarkably stable over the period. Migration from developing to developed countries is the fastest growing component of international migration in both absolute and relative terms. The United States has remained the most important migrant destination in the world, home to one fifth of the world's migrants and the top destination for migrants from some 60 sending countries. Migration to Western Europe has come largely from elsewhere in Europe. The oil-rich Persian Gulf countries emerge as important destinations for migrants from the Middle East and North Africa and South and Southeast Asia. Finally, although the global migrant stock is predominantly male, the proportion of female migrants increased noticeably between 1960 and 2000. The number of women rose in every region except South Asia.
Journal Article
Do Immigrants Take or Create Residents' Jobs? Evidence from Free Movement of Workers in Switzerland
In 2002, Switzerland began to adopt free movement of workers with the European Union. We study the effects of the resulting immigration wave on resident workers. We focus on the level of national skill groups and propose an instrumental variable approach to address the endogeneity of immigration in this setting. Mostly relying on administrative data for the 2002-2011 period, we find that the immigration of foreign workers reduced unemployment of residents, and had limited adverse effects on their wages and employment. One reason for this is that younger residents changed to more demanding jobs as a response to the arrival of immigrants.
Journal Article
Migration governance legal frameworks in African Regional Economic Communities: Comparative Analysis of SADC and ECOWAS
This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of migration governance legal frameworks in SADC and ECOWAS. Its main aim is to assess the effectiveness, harmonisation, and comprehensiveness of migration governance legal frameworks in these two RECs to identify best practices, areas of similarity, areas of convergence, extent of alignment with continental and international instruments, and also establish gaps and opportunities for regional integration, policy coherence, and improved governance of migration and free movement of people. Methodologically, the study utilises a systematic review of relevant existing laws and protocols. In terms of scope, format and thematic structure of the comparative analysis, the study compared the legal frameworks for migration governance in SADC and ECOWAS guided by a legal comparison criterion that focus on four critical aspects as follows; that is (a) legal objectives and scope of the frameworks, (b) member state commitment, participation and normative strength of legal frameworks(binding nature of instruments), (c) governance, implementation and compliance mechanisms (compliance enforcement and coordination measures for member states), and (d) dispute settlement/resolution (for resolving legal disputes). The main finding was that whilst the legal objectives and scope of the migration governance in SADC and ECOWAS are almost similar, ECOWAS is relatively more advanced in terms of member state commitment, participation and normative strength of legal frameworks, governance, implementation and compliance mechanisms, as well as the effectiveness of dispute settlement/resolution. Notwithstanding the variations, the study revealed a significant scope for the two RECs to improve and strengthen their respective migration governance legal frameworks.
Journal Article
Leveraging migration for Africa : remittances, skills, and investments
A joint effort led by the African Development Bank and the World Bank, 'Leveraging Migration for Africa' is the first comprehensive publication on harnessing migration, remittances, and other diaspora resources for the development of Africa. It comes at a time when countries in Africa and elsewhere are grappling with difficult choices on how to manage migration.Policy makers can help leverage the contributions of migrants to the development of Africa, reduceremittance costs, improve the efficiency of remittance markets in both origin and destination countries, and address the needs of the origin countries without restricting the emigration of high-skilled professionals. Innovative financing mechanisms such as issuance of diaspora bonds and securitization of future remittance flows can help finance big-ticket projects, such as railways, roads, power plants, and institutions of higher learning that will, step by step, help to transform Africa. This volume contributes to a greater understanding of migration and its potential role in Africa?s development.
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