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Miguel La Serna's gripping history of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) provides vital insight into both the history of modern Peru and the link between political violence and the culture of communications in Latin America. Smaller than the well-known Shining Path but just as remarkable, the MRTA emerged in the early 1980s at the beginning of a long and bloody civil war. Taking a close look at the daily experiences of women and men who fought on both sides of the conflict, this fast-paced narrative explores the intricacies of armed action from the ground up. While carrying out a campaign of urban guerrilla warfare ranging from vandalism to kidnapping and assassinations, the MRTA vied with state forces as both tried to present themselves as most authentically Peruvian. Appropriating colors, banners, names, images, and even historical memories, hand-in-hand with armed combat, the Tupac Amaristas aimed to control public relations because they insightfully believed that success hinged on their ability to control the media narrative. Ultimately, however, the movement lost sight of its original aims, becoming more authoritarian as the war waged on. In this sense, the history of the MRTA is the story of the euphoric draw of armed action and the devastating consequences that result when a political movement succumbs to the whims of its most militant followers.

\"Why do some parties formed by social movements develop top-down structures while others stay more open and responsive to their social bases? The first rigorous comparative study of movement-based parties, this book shows not only how movements can form parties but also how movements contribute to parties' internal politics and shape organizational party models over the long term. Although the existing literature argues that movement-based parties will succumb to professionalization and specialization, Anria shows that this is not inevitable or preordained through an in-depth examination of the unusual and counterintuitive development of Bolivia's MAS. Anria then compares the evolution of the MAS with that of other parties formed by social movements, including Brazil's PT and Uruguay's FA. In a region where successful new parties of any type have been rare, these three parties are remarkable for their success. Yet, despite their similar origins, they differ sharply in their organizational models\"-- Provided by publisher.

Why does territory matter to social movements and what does it allow them to achieve? Despite the ever-apparent centrality of territory-the appropriation and control of space through forms of power-to social movements worldwide (e.g., protest camps, land occupations, indigenous activism, squatting, neighborhood organizing), there has been a surprising lack of attention to this question by Anglophone geographers. This article develops Brazilian geographer Fernandes's notion of \"socioterritorial movements\" as an analytical category for social movements that have as their central objective the appropriation of space in pursuit of their political project. It does so by contrasting the concept of socioterritorial movement to those of social movement and sociospatial movement and proposing four axes of analysis for socioterritorial movements. First, territory is mobilized as the central strategy for realizing a movement's aims. Second, territory informs the identity of socioterritorial movements, generating new political subjectivities. Third, territory is a site of political socialization that produces new encounters and values. Fourth, through processes of territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization, socioterritorial movements create new institutions. These axes are further elaborated through the comparative analysis of two case studies: the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, a large peasant movement in Brazil, and the Tupac Amaru Neighborhood Organization, an urban social movement from northwest Argentina. Comparison is deployed as an expansive mode of analysis to open up the concept of socioterritorial movement and indicate potential lines of enquiry for further study. Key Words: Argentina, MST, social movements, socioterritorial movements, territory.

Reseña de: Lambert, D. y Merriman, P. (Eds.) (2020). Empire and Mobility in the Long Nineteenth Century. Manchester University Press, 231 pp.

Reseña del número 43 Eric Hobsbawm. Sobre América Latina ¡Viva la Revolución! Buenos Aires: Crítica, 2018, 484 pp.

Fields of Revolution examines the second largest case of peasant land redistribution in Latin America and agrarian reform-arguably the most important policy to arise out of Bolivia's 1952 revolution. Competing understandings of agrarian reform shaped ideas of property, productivity, welfare, and justice. Peasants embraced the nationalist slogan of \"land for those who work it\" and rehabilitated national union structures. Indigenous communities proclaimed instead \"land to its original owners\" and sought to link the ruling party discourse on nationalism with their own long-standing demands for restitution. Landowners, for their part, embraced the principle of \"land for those who improve it\" to protect at least portions of their former properties from expropriation. Carmen Soliz combines analysis of governmental policies and national discourse with everyday local actors' struggles and interactions with the state to draw out the deep connections between land and people as a material reality and as the object of political contention in the period surrounding the revolution.

Using forty-five interviews with former members and sympathisers, this book traces the development of the Women's section of the Franco government from its roots in the Spanish fascist party to its role in the dictatorship up to 1959. The study reveals that despite its anti-feminist agenda, the section was, in some areas, a catalyst for women's emancipation in post-Franco Spain. Kathleen Richmond is assistant headteacher at Sandown High School on the Isle of Wight, where she has taught A Level Spanish for many years. She has close ties with Salamanca, where she first became interested in the Civil War and the issue of women in the Franco regime. In 2000, she completed a Ph.D at the University of Southampton, fulfilling a long-held ambition to carry out research. Further work on Sección Femeniña and the writing of this book have followed and she continues to spend as much time as possible in Spain.

In Brazil, the working class has been losing rights and suffering with the discontinuation of public policies. The current government’s actions have been reflected in the increase of extreme poverty and, consequently, in the country’s return to the hunger map. The new coronavirus pandemic has aggravated this circumstance. It is in this context that the food donations made by the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) [Landless Rural Workers Movement] and other socio-spatial and socio-territorial movements constitute important solidarity actions aimed at combating hunger. This work seeks to critically analyze and dimension the MST’s food donations. To do so, we executed bibliographic research and semi-structured interviews. It also sought and systematized news articles published by the MST, referring to donations made from March 2020 to March 2021. The survey indicates that food donations are a form of resistance and denouncement of the public power’s absence and expressing solidarity. These actions reaffirm the need for a land reform.  No Brasil, a classe trabalhadora vem perdendo direitos e sofrendo com a descontinuidade de políticas públicas. As ações do governo atual têm refletido no aumento da extrema pobreza e, consequentemente, no retorno do país ao mapa da fome. A pandemia do novo coronavírus agravou essa conjuntura. É nesse contexto que as doações de alimentos realizadas pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) e outros movimentos socioespaciais e socioterritoriais se configuram em importantes ações de solidariedade voltadas ao combate à fome. Este trabalho objetiva analisar criticamente e dimensionar as doações de alimentos do MST. Para isso, foram realizadas pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevista semiestruturada. Também foram levantadas e sistematizadass notícias divulgadas pelo MST, referentes às doações realizadas no período de março de 2020 a março de 2021. A pesquisa aponta que as doações de alimentos são uma forma de luta e de denúncia da ausência do poder público e expressam solidariedade. Essas ações reafirmam a necessidade da reforma agrária. En Brasil, la clase trabajadora ha estado perdiendo derechos y sufriendo con la discontinuidad de las políticas públicas. Las acciones del gobierno de Jair Bolsonaro se reflejaron en el aumento de la extrema pobreza y, consecuentemente, en el retorno del país al mapa del hambre. La pandemia del virus Sars-Cov-2 empeoró esa coyuntura. En ese contexto, las donaciones de alimentos realizadas por el Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales sin Tierra (MST) y otros movimientos socioespaciales y socioterritoriales constituyeron importantes acciones de solidaridad dirigidas al combate del hambre. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar críticamente y dimensionar las donaciones de alimentos del MST. Para eso, se realizó una investigación bibliográfica y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Además, se recogieron y sistematizaron las noticias divulgadas por el movimiento, referentes a las donaciones realizadas entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021. La investigación indica que las donaciones de alimentos son una forma de lucha y de denuncia frente la ausencia del poder público y expresan solidaridad. Esas acciones reafirman la necesidad de reforma agraria.

Reseña de: Ribeiro, D. (2020). Lugar de enunciación. Ediciones Ambulantes, 157 pp.