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"Magnets"
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What makes a magnet?
Describes how magnets work and includes instructions for making a magnet and a compass.
Book
Correction: Research on simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor in full speed range
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320786.].
Journal Article
Magnets
\"Describes how magnets work and gives examples of everyday uses of magnets. Includes experiments\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
45.5-tesla direct-current magnetic field generated with a high-temperature superconducting magnet
Strong magnetic fields are required in many fields, such as medicine (magnetic resonance imaging), pharmacy (nuclear magnetic resonance), particle accelerators (such as the Large Hadron Collider) and fusion devices (for example, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, ITER), as well as for other diverse scientific and industrial uses. For almost two decades, 45 tesla has been the highest achievable direct-current (d.c.) magnetic field; however, such a field requires the use of a 31-megawatt, 33.6-tesla resistive magnet inside 11.4-tesla low-temperature superconductor coils
1
, and such high-power resistive magnets are available in only a few facilities worldwide
2
. By contrast, superconducting magnets are widespread owing to their low power requirements. Here we report a high-temperature superconductor coil that generates a magnetic field of 14.4 tesla inside a 31.1-tesla resistive background magnet to obtain a d.c. magnetic field of 45.5 tesla—the highest field achieved so far, to our knowledge. The magnet uses a conductor tape coated with REBCO (REBa
2
Cu
3
O
x
, where RE = Y, Gd) on a 30-micrometre-thick substrate
3
, making the coil highly compact and capable of operating at the very high winding current density of 1,260 amperes per square millimetre. Operation at such a current density is possible only because the magnet is wound without insulation
4
, which allows rapid and safe quenching from the superconducting to the normal state
5
–
10
. The 45.5-tesla test magnet validates predictions
11
for high-field copper oxide superconductor magnets by achieving a field twice as high as those generated by low-temperature superconducting magnets.
A copper oxide high-temperature superconductor magnet generates a direct-current magnetic field of 45.5 tesla—the highest value reported so far—using a design that enables operation at high current densities.
Journal Article
The simple science of magnets
Magnets have amazing power to make things move. But how do they work? What are they used for? Readers will learn the answers to these questions and more through easy-to-read text and vivid photographs. An experiment rounds out the book and provides a hands-on learning experience to encourage deeper understanding. Meets Next Generation Science Standards.
Book
HTS Accelerator Magnet and Conductor Development in Europe
In view of the preparation for a post-LHC collider, in 2010 the high-energy physics (HEP) community started to discuss various options, including the use of HTS for very high-field dipoles. Therefore, a small program was begun in Europe that aimed at exploring the possibility of using HTS for accelerator-quality magnets. Based on various EU-funded programs, though at modest levels, it has enabled the European community of accelerator magnet research to start getting experience in HTS and address a few issues. The program was based on the use of REBa2Cu3O7−x (REBCO) tapes to form 10 kA Roebel cables to wind small dipoles of 30–40 mm aperture in the 5 T range. The dipoles are designed to be later inserted in a background dipole field (in Nb3Sn), to reach eventually a field level in the 16–20 T range, beyond the reach of Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS). The program is currently underway: more than 1 km of high-performance tape (Je > 500 A/mm2 at 20 T, 4.2 K) has been manufactured and characterized, various 30 m long Roebel cables have been assembled and validated up to 13 kA, a few dipoles have been wound and tested, reaching 4.5 T in stand-alone (while a dipole made from flat race track coils exceeded 5 T using stacked tape cable), and tests in background field are being organized.
Journal Article
Magnet
For over 2000 years magnets have inspired tales of myth, magic, exploration, science, and art. From the physical to the metaphorical, our language is littered with magnetic allusions: magnetic personalities, animal magnetism, mesmerism, and magnetic attraction. In 'Magnet', Eva Barbarossa weaves together stories of ancient and modern wonders, of discovery and creation, of madness and desire, of beauty and awe, taking us from the spectacle of the aurora borealis to the disastrous searches for the North Pole.
Book
Research on Full-Speed-Range Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
To achieve high-precision sensorless control of PMSMs over the full speed band, a novel hybrid strategy is presented in this work that combines HFI with an improved rotor-flux-based SMO. At zero/low speeds, a pulsating high-frequency square-wave signal is injected. The high-frequency current response is separated from the fundamental component through algebraic operations, avoiding the phase delay of conventional filters and improving the accuracy and dynamics of position estimation. In medium and high speed range, an improved SMO on the basis of the rotor flux model is adopted to suppress chattering. A weighted function ensures smooth switching between the two methods, enabling seamless full-speed-range sensorless control. Simulations under typical conditions—loaded start-up, full-speed operation, and restart with residual speed—verify that the proposed algorithm provides stable and robust motor operation with excellent dynamic capabilities.
Journal Article
Magnets
Use your reading superpowers to learn all about the magic of magnets - a high-quality, fun, non-fiction reader - carefully levelled to help children progress.
Book
Correction: de Menezes et al. A Thorough Procedure to Design Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators. Machines 2024, 12, 384
In the original publication [...]
Journal Article