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This book, filled with insults through the ages, is the full history of scurrilous political speech. Giving a voice to those gossips, rumourmongers and traitors, usually left out of history, this book examines the speech of ordinary people, who spoke scornfully of monarchs. The book reveals the lost conversations and expressions that got people into trouble, as well as unveiling moments when private words had public consequence. Although the proverb reads, ‘words were but wind’, tongues caused social damage, words challenged political authority, and treasonous speech imperilled the crown. Royals monitored talk they deemed dangerous in various ways: policing and surveillance, judicial intervention, political propaganda, and the crafting of new law. In early Tudor times, to speak ill of the monarch could risk execution, whereas by the end of the Stuart era, similar words could be dismissed with a shrug. This book traces the development of free speech across five centuries of popular political culture, and demonstrates how formerly treasonable talk, finally gained protection as ‘the birthright of an Englishman’.

We analyze the sea state conditions during which the accident of the cruise ship Louis Majesty took place. The ship was hit by a large wave that destroyed some windows at deck number five and caused two fatalities. Using the wave model (WAM), driven by the Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling (COSMO‐ME) winds, we perform a detailed hindcast of the local wave conditions. The results reveal the presence of two comparable wave systems characterized almost by the same frequency. We discuss such sea state conditions in the framework of a system of two coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations, each of which describe the dynamics of a single spectral peak. For some specific parameters, we discuss the breather solutions of the CNLS equations and estimate the maximum wave amplitude. Even though, due to the lack of measurements, it is impossible to establish the nature of the wave that caused the accident, we show that the angle between the two wave systems during the accident was close to the condition for which the maximum amplitude of the breather solution is observed. Key Points A hindcast of the Louis Majesty accident sea state condition have been performed The accident took place during crossing sea state conditions Rogue wave solutions describing the crossing sea condition are derived

An exploration of the later work of Geoffrey Hill, often described as 'the greatest living poet' in his lifetime. This book reads, interprets, evaluates, and sets in context the work of Hill's prolific later period from 1996 to 2016, the year of his death.

Since 2005, Thailand has been in crisis, with unprecedented political instability and the worst political violence seen in the country in decades. In the aftermath of a military coup in 2006, Thailand’s press freedom ranking plunged, while arrests for lèse-majesté have skyrocketed to levels unknown in the modern world. Truth on Trial in Thailand traces the 110-year trajectory of defamation-based laws in Thailand. The most prominent of these is lèse-majesté, but defamation aspects also appear in laws on sedition and treason, the press and cinema, anti-communism, contempt of court, insulting of religion, as well as libel. This book makes the case that despite the appearance of growing democratization, authoritarian structures and urges still drive politics in Thailand; the long-term effects of defamation law adjudication has skewed the way that Thai society approaches and perceives \"truth.\" Employing the work of Habermas, Foucault, Agamben, and Schmitt to construct an alternative framework to understand Thai history, Streckfuss contends that Thai history has become \"suspended\" since 1958, and repeatedly declining to face the truth of history has set the stage for an endless state of crisis. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of South East Asian politics, Asian history, and media and communication. David Streckfuss is an independent scholar who has lived in Thailand for more than 20 years. His work primarily concerns human rights, and political and cultural history. David Streckfuss is an independent scholar who has lived in Thailand for more than 20 years. His work primarily concerns human rights, and political and cultural history. Introduction: The Defamation Dilemma of Thailand 1. The Truth Recently Discovered 2. Regimes of Truth, Regimes of Defamation 3. Truth and Treason in Old Siam 4. Chronology of Thai Defamation-Based Laws 5. Normalizing \"Abnormal Times\" and the Endless State Of Exception 6. Intent and Import 7. The Insulted and Defamed (The Individual to the Nation) 8. The Insulted and Defamed (Monarchy and Lèse-Majesté) 9. The People 10. Culture and Traitor 11. Thai-ification And Colonisation 12. Defamation and Truth 13. Conclusion Appendix – Thai Defamation-Based Laws, 1900 to Present \"This big, brave and important book argues that defamation laws are the cornerstone of Thailand's authoritarian political culture. They have strangled the media, wrecked public debate, undermined artistic and intellectual work, and ensured impunity for a long litany of state crimes. They underpin an authoritarian control of thought and expression that is extraordinary in a country that likes to think of itself as a democracy... This book is a brilliant essay on Thailand's legal history based on very detailed research into legislation and case law. In addition, it offers a complex, thoughtful and wide-ranging diagnosis of current discontents. Its rich historical and international perspective should make Thailand's democrats and Democrats pause to wonder where the country is heading.\" Chris Baker, Bangkok Post, November 2010 \"David Streckfuss has done a great service to the study of lèse-majesté law and of its role in protecting the political and economic interests of the Thai monarchy. [ Truth on Trial in Thailand ] is a fine, exhaustively referenced study of the history of lèse-majesté law and of Thailand’s defamation laws more generally. It will be an authoritative reference book for a public now very much focused on the problem that lèse-majesté poses for Thai democracy.\" Patrick Jory, NM-TLC Reviewer \"The book’s thirteen chapters are rich in detail and observation... Thematically organized, the chapters offer an incomparable history of lèse-majesté, law and Thai-ness, public opinion, and the science of traitorology. Of especial relevance given the recent discussion of the judicialization of politics in Thailand is Streckfuss’s remarkable account... of the institutionalization of the “state of exception” by Thai courts working in conjunction with the police and military. This monumental volume is destined to take a leading place in the field of critical studies of Asia.\" Michael K. Connors, Critical Asian Studies, 43:1 (2011), 139–149 \"[T]he real strength of the book is its fascinating analysis of a vast quantity of primary source material, including the analysis of a number of court decisions and some wonderful interviews with government censors.\" David M. Engel , SUNY Distinguished Service Professor, School of Law, State University of New York at Buffalo; South East Asia Research 'This book is an important one, and the author’s research chops are formidable. The book serves as a critical history of Thai law, with a discussion of how lèse-majesté encompasses the world of the monarchy, politics, law enforcement, and religion in Thailand.' - Geoff Alexander, WOwasis 2013.

Physiological/normal tooth mobility may be defined as the slight displacement of the clinical crown of a tooth, which is allowed by the resilience of an intact and healthy periodontium, under the application of a moderate force. The factors influencing the success and longevity of dental splinting are the type of material used for the splint, the type of composite resin, the number and location of the dental units included for splinting (maxillary or mandibular arch). In periodontology, the term 'splint' is defined as the joining of two or more teeth into a rigid unit through restorations or fixed or removable devices. The purpose of using periodontal splints for tooth immobilization is to provide a period of rest in the areas where the healing process has begun and to allow normal functioning there where the tissues alone would not be able to withstand occlusal forces. The aim of the present study was to evaluate comparatively, by means of energy dispersive electron spectrometry (EDX), the chemical composition in the case of in vitro samples that structurally reproduce direct periodontal immobilization systems using fiberglass strips and fluid composite resins. The differences in the chemical composition of the investigated materials can influence their physiochemical properties, but also their biological and toxicological reliability. Elements such as C, O, Al, Si and Ba were identified as common elements among the resins tested in the present study. The only difference in terms of the component elements was found in the case of the fluid composite Clearfil Majesty ES Flow, which, apart from the elements mentioned, also presented Co in its structure.

The Holy Qur'ān and medieval Islamic writings have many references to \"hope\" (rajā) and \"fear\" (khawf) as both single and paired concepts. However, a comprehensive analytical study on these two notions from an Islamic point of view still seems lacking. Both paper and electronic documents related to Islamic and Qur'ānic literature are being used in this study. Also Web resources are searched for keywords of fear, hope and Islam in three languages of Arabic, English and Persian, including Tanzil.net, Almaany.com, Tebyan.net, Holyquran.net, Noorlib.ir, Hawzah.net and Google Scholar. Findings indicate that hope and fear are comprised of three conceptual elements: emotional, cognitive and behavioral, and are identified as \"praiseworthy\" hope or fear, when associated with God as the ultimate object. Nonetheless, this praiseworthy hope or fear is only distinguishable as \"true,\" when both are in equilibrium, a necessary condition for spiritual health, which results to perfection. Islam rejects excessive hope or excessive fear, describing both as a \"pseudo\"-type, which would respectively contribute to self-deceit and despair, and end in spiritual decline.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the effort of the leading character of Heminway’s The Old Man and the Sea, as an example of human effort, in a context which shows his sense of isolation in the society. Santiago’s awareness of his individual role in the universe permits him more authentic effort. The major task of the researcher is to discuss Santiago’s consistent effort to restore his character and thereby renew his life and be once again part of the community. The researcher’s interest is to show which goal Santiago tries to achieve: pride or endurance?Keywords: Santiago, majesty, pride, endurance, defeat, triumph, marlin