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\"Jolie's a lot of things, but she knows that pretty isn't one of them. She has mandibular prognathism, which is the medical term for underbite. Chewing is a pain, headaches are a common occurrence, and she's never been kissed. She's months out from having a procedure to correct her underbite, and she cannot wait to be fixed. Jolie becomes paralyzed with the fear that she could die under the knife. She and her best friends, Evelyn and Derek, decide to make a \"Things Jolie Needs to Do Before She Bites It (Which Is Super Unlikely, but Still, It Could Happen)\" list. Things like: eat every appetizer on the Applebee's menu and kiss her crush Noah Reed. But since when did everything ever go exactly to plan? Filled with humor, heart--and an honest look at today's beauty standards--Jolie's journey is a true feel-good story\"--Jacket flap.

Background To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among adolescents using the dental health component (DHC) of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 (mean age 16.25 ± 1.09) adolescents randomly selected from the northern border region of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The northern border region is sub-divided into three governorates: Ar’ar (186), Rafha (142) and Turayf (172). The data were recorded in questionnaires to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and estimate of DHC of the IOTN index. Results The most common malocclusions in order of prevalence were Angle’s Class I (52.8%), Angle’s Class II (31.8%), Angle’s Class III (15.4%), crowding (47.2%), excessive overjet (> 2 mm) (22.2%), reduced overjet (< 1 mm) (11.4%), excessive overbite (> 2 mm) (23.4%), reduced overbite (< 1 mm) (12.2%), anterior crossbite (4.8%), posterior crossbite (9.4%) and open bite (4.6%). The most common facial profiles determined in the sagittal plane, were the straight facial profile (49.2%), convex (42.6%) and concave (8.2%). The prevalence of Grade 1 and 2 DHC was 49.4%, Grade 3 was 29.6%, Grade 4 and 5 was 21%. The grades of DHC of IOTN index were as follows: 48.73% of males and 50.22% of females showed grades 1 and 2. Grade 3 was observed in 30.32% of males and 28.69% of females. Grades 4 and 5 were recorded in 20.93% of males and 21.07% of females. Conclusions The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among the north border region of KSA is comparable with that of other regional studies.

Background This study aimed to investigate the facial soft tissue characteristics of patients with different types of malocclusion. Methods The 3dMD scanning data of patients with malocclusion admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to April 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-seven patients with Class I malocclusion, 43 patients with Class II malocclusion and 44 patients with Class III malocclusion were selected. All patients underwent 3dMD scans prior to orthodontic treatment. Then the differences in the 3D morphological parameters of the facial soft tissues were compared between different sexes and different types of malocclusion. Spearman’s correlation was further used to analyze the correlation between each parameter and the classification of malocclusion. Results In the Class I group and Class II group, there were no significant differences in the 3D morphometric parameters of malocclusion patients of different sexes ( P  > 0.05). There were significant differences between Al (R)-AL (L), Ac (R)-Ac (L), Prn-Ac (L), n-Prn-Sn, and Al (R)-Al (L)/Ac (L)-Ah (L) values among the three groups of patients. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Ac (R)-Ac (L) and Al (R)-Al (L)/Ac (R)-Ac (L) were correlated with the type of malocclusion. Conclusion Differences in facial soft tissues exist in patients with Class I, II, and III malocclusion. 3dMD technique may be helpful in developing an effective treatment plan prior to orthodontic treatment.

Purpose The purpose of this was to construct finite element (FE) models based on computed tomography (CT) data of individual patients during orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the relationship between strain energy density (SED) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc and the facial morphology of three skeletal patterns (Class 1–3) by cephalometric analysis. Methods Cephalometric analyses were performed on 53 patients. FE models based on the CT images of each patient were constructed, and the mean SED in the bilateral TMJ disc was calculated. The relationships between SED and the cephalometric parameters were evaluated. Results SED was significantly greater in Classes 1 and 2 than in Class 3 ( p  < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between SED and convexity, ANB angle ( p  < 0.01), and gonial angle in Class 1 ( p  < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between SED and facial angle in Class 3 ( p  < 0.05). Overall, correlations were found between SED and facial angle, convexity, mandibular angle, Y-axis, SNB, ANB angle, and overjet ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion Increased SED in the TMJ disc was associated with clockwise mandibular rotation and superior posterior positioning. Mandibular morphology primarily affected SED, with facial angle, convexity, and ANB being useful predictors of TMJ dysfunction.

Background The aim of the study was to assess the thickness of the soft tissue facial profile (STFP) in relation to the skeletal malocclusion, age and gender. Methods All patients, aged 7–35 years, who were seeking orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw between 2019 and 22 were included in the study. All patients had lateral head radiographs taken before the treatment. The cephalometric analysis was performed including the STFP analysis. The patients were allocated to one of six groups based on age and skeletal relations (ANB angle). The minimum number of patients in each group was 60 with equal gender distribution. The STFP analysis included ten linear measurements. Results A total of 300 patients were included in the study and allocated to five groups. Group 6 (growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion) was not included in the study as it failed to achieve the assumed group size. There were significant differences in the thickness of the STFP in relation to the skeletal malocclusions. Adults with skeletal Class III malocclusion had significantly thicker subnasal soft tissues compared to patients with skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions. The thickness of the lower lip in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusion was significantly bigger compared to the other groups. Children and adolescents with Class II malocclusions had thicker lower lip in comparison to the group with Class I malocclusion. The majority of the STFP measurements were significantly smaller in children and adolescents compared to adults. The thickness of the STFP in males was significantly bigger in all age groups compared to females. Conclusions The thickness of facial soft tissues depends on the patient’s age and gender. The degree of compensation of the skeletal malocclusion in the STFP may be a decisive factor during orthodontic treatment planning regarding a surgical approach or a camouflage treatment of skeletal defects.

Abstract Objective: Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016. Results: Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids. Conclusion: Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe. Resumo Objetivo: considerando-se que os estudos disponíveis sobre a prevalência das más oclusões são de base local ou nacional, esse estudo teve como objetivo reunir dados para determinar a distribuição dos tipos de má oclusão em uma escala global, nas dentições permanente e mista. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca eletrônica através das ferramentas de pesquisa do PubMed, Embase e Google Acadêmico, para reunir estudos publicados até dezembro de 2016 sobre a prevalência das más oclusões, tanto na dentição permanente quanto na dentição mista. Resultados: dos 2.977 estudos encontrados, 53 foram analisados. Na dentição permanente, a distribuição mundial das más oclusões de Classe I, II e III foi, respectivamente, de 74,7% [31 - 97%], 19,56% [2 - 63%] e 5,93% [1 - 20%]. Na dentição mista, a distribuição dessas más oclusões foi de 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] e 4% [0,7 - 13%]. Em relação às más oclusões verticais, observou-se prevalência de 21,98% de sobremordida profunda e 4,93% de mordida aberta. A mordida cruzada posterior afetou 9,39% da amostra. Os africanos mostraram a maior prevalência de Classe I e mordida aberta na dentição permanente (89% e 8%, respectivamente) e na dentição mista (93% e 10% respectivamente), enquanto os caucasianos apresentaram a maior prevalência de Classe II na dentição permanente (23%) e na dentição mista (26%). A má oclusão de Classe III na dentição mista foi mais prevalente entre xantodermas. Conclusão: mundialmente, nas dentições mista e permanente, as más oclusões de Classe I de Angle são mais prevalentes do que as de Classe II, especificamente entre os africanos; a menos prevalente foi a Classe III, ainda que mais prevalente entre os xantodermas na dentição mista. Na dimensão vertical, as mordidas abertas foram mais prevalentes entre xantodermas na dentição mista. A mordida cruzada posterior apresentou maior prevalência na dentição permanente na Europa.

Background Angle Class II malocclusion typically presents with overbite, distal molar relationship, and crowding of the upper anterior teeth. The distal movement of the maxillary molars is considered an optimal treatment strategy, as it can circumvent the need for orthodontic extraction. Clear aligners are currently used for molar distalization. However, this approach is not without its limitations, including the loss of anterior tooth anchorage and an extended treatment duration. To address these issues, this study introduces a novel molar distalization appliance. A clinical randomized controlled trial will compare the efficacy of this appliance with clear aligners, specifically assessing differences in the rate of tooth movement. Methods This study will recruit 30 patients aged 18–35 with Angle Class II malocclusion, characterized by distal molar relationship, mild to moderate crowding, or protrusion of anterior teeth. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group using a novel molar distalization appliance, and the control group using clear aligners for molar distalization. Both groups will use orthodontic miniscrews as an anchorage, with elastic traction for molar distalization. Cone-beam CT and digital dental models will be collected before orthodontic intervention and after molar distalization for all samples. This study will register pre- and post-treatment images using maxillary bone structures and then analyze three-dimensional tooth movement. The study will further calculate the distance of molar distal movement per unit time as the tooth movement rate and compare whether there is a difference between the experimental and control groups. Discussion This randomized controlled trial will serve as evidence that the novel molar distalization device, compared to clear aligners, whether offers advantages such as shorter treatment duration and superior control of tooth movement. It can provide a novel method for orthodontic clinical treatment of patients with Angle Class II malocclusion. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR2300069122. Registered on 7 March 2023.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the normal volumetric space and variations in the measurements of different landmarks in adults with different skeletal relations of the maxilla and the mandible based on CBCT data. The study also analyses these landmarks to locate any correlations. Background Numerous studies in orthodontics have found a relationship between orthodontic treatment and changes in the anatomy and function of the airway. Severe changes in airway morphology can cause breathing difficulties, lower quality of life, and even result in life-threatening conditions such as obstructive sleep apnoea. Consequently, orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning require a thorough understanding of the airway space and its function. Methods The present retrospective study was conducted using CBCT records of 120 adult patients, containing 40 samples of each skeletal class (20 males and 20 females). The boundaries were defined for the 3 major regions: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the hypopharynx. Various measurements were recorded across these regions, as well as selective cephalometric landmarks. The obtained data was used to calculate average and standard deviation, while regression analysis was used to evaluate correlations and t-test was used to test statistical significance of gender differences. Results The results demonstrate that skeletal Class III individuals exhibit a reduced airway volume in the nasopharynx compared to other groups, whereas skeletal Class II individuals displayed a diminished airway volume in the hypopharynx. A strong correlation was observed for Sella turcica parameters. There were no significant differences in skeletal parameters across genders. Nasopharynx cavity volume demonstrated significant differences between skeletal Class I–Class III as well as between skeletal Class II–Class III. Hypopharynx cavity volume also demonstrated significant differences between skeletal Class I–Class II and between skeletal Class II–Class III. Conclusion The major findings are the presence of a reduced nasopharyngeal volume in skeletal Class III malocclusions while skeletal Class II individuals displayed a diminished hypopharyngeal volume, making these critical areas to consider during the diagnostic and orthodontic treatment planning stages. This study also revealed a consistent correlation between Sella turcica parameters across various facial skeletal profiles, with skeletal Class II patients exhibiting a distinct pattern and skeletal Class I and Class III demonstrating an average relationship.