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"Manetho"
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Clio's other sons : Berossus and Manetho : with an afterword on Demetrius
\"Soon after the death of Alexander the Great, the priest Berossus wrote the first known narrative and comprehensive history of his native Babylon, and the priest Manetho likewise wrote the first such history of his native Egyptian civilization. Nothing like these histories had been produced before in these cultures. Clio's Other Sons considers why that is: why were these histories written at this point, and for what purposes? Berossus and Manetho operated at the crossings of several political, social, and intellectual worlds. They were members of native elites under the domination of Macedonian overlords; in their writings we can see suggestions that they collaborated in the foreign rule of their lands, but at the same time we see them advocating for their cultures. Their histories were written in Greek and betray active engagement with Greek historical writing, but at the same time these texts are clearly composed from native records, are organized along lines determined by local systems of time-reckoning, and articulate views that are deeply informed by regional scholarly and wisdom traditions. In this volume John Dillery charts the interactions of all these features of these historians. An afterword considers Demetrius, the approximate contemporary of Berossus and Manetho in time, if not in culture. While his associates wrote new histories, Demetrius' project was a rewriting of an existing text, the Bible. This historiographical 'corrective' approach sheds light on the novel historiography of Manetho and Berossus\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Newton and the Origin of Civilization
Isaac Newton's Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, published in 1728, one year after the great man's death, unleashed a storm of controversy. And for good reason. The book presents a drastically revised timeline for ancient civilizations, contracting Greek history by five hundred years and Egypt's by a millennium. Newton and the Origin of Civilization tells the story of how one of the most celebrated figures in the history of mathematics, optics, and mechanics came to apply his unique ways of thinking to problems of history, theology, and mythology, and of how his radical ideas produced an uproar that reverberated in Europe's learned circles throughout the eighteenth century and beyond. Jed Buchwald and Mordechai Feingold reveal the manner in which Newton strove for nearly half a century to rectify universal history by reading ancient texts through the lens of astronomy, and to create a tight theoretical system for interpreting the evolution of civilization on the basis of population dynamics. It was during Newton's earliest years at Cambridge that he developed the core of his singular method for generating and working with trustworthy knowledge, which he applied to his study of the past with the same rigor he brought to his work in physics and mathematics. Drawing extensively on Newton's unpublished papers and a host of other primary sources, Buchwald and Feingold reconcile Isaac Newton the rational scientist with Newton the natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian, and chronologist of ancient history.
eBook
The Last Pharaohs
The history of Ptolemaic Egypt has usually been doubly isolated--separated both from the history of other Hellenistic states and from the history of ancient Egypt.The Last Pharaohs, the first detailed history of Ptolemaic Egypt as a state, departs radically from previous studies by putting the Ptolemaic state firmly in the context of both Hellenistic and Egyptian history. More broadly still, J. G. Manning examines the Ptolemaic dynasty in the context of the study of authoritarian and premodern states, shifting the focus of study away from modern European nation-states and toward ancient Asian ones. By analyzing Ptolemaic reforms of Egyptian economic and legal structures,The Last Pharaohsgauges the impact of Ptolemaic rule on Egypt and the relationships that the Ptolemaic kings formed with Egyptian society. Manning argues that the Ptolemies sought to rule through--rather than over--Egyptian society. He tells how the Ptolemies, adopting a pharaonic model of governance, shaped Egyptian society and in turn were shaped by it. Neither fully Greek nor wholly Egyptian, the Ptolemaic state within its core Egyptian territory was a hybrid that departed from but did not break with Egyptian history. Integrating the latest research on archaeology, papyrology, theories of the state, and legal history, as well as Hellenistic and Egyptian history,The Last Pharaohsdraws a dramatically new picture of Egypt's last ancient state.
eBook
Joseph the Infiltrator, Jacob the Conqueror? Reexamining the Hyksos–Hebrew Correlation
The anachronisms in the story of Exodus have long complicated claims to its historicity, yet some of the “usual suspects” endure. Scholarly tradition has generally argued that the expulsion of the so-called Hyksos rulers of Egypt in the sixteenth century BCE was the foundation for the Israelite cultural memory of liberation from Egypt. With the shift in biblical scholarship toward the Persian and Hellenistic periods regarding the crystallization of the biblical texts, scholarship has moved away from extrabiblical correlations pertaining to more ancient contexts. This trend, combined with locating earliest Israel within a generic “Canaanite” milieu, has led to the devaluation of the place of Egypt in discussions of Israel's origins. In this article, I reexamine the “Hebrew–Hyksos” correlation, with a view to defending the great antiquity of memories of interaction with Egypt that were appropriated by developing Israel.
Journal Article
Sobre las posibles referencias egipcias del Mito de las Edades de Hesíodo. Algunos documentos para el estudio de su génesis y estructura
En el presente artículo se explora la posibilidad de que las principales referencias no extranjeras del Mito de las cinco Edades-Razas de Hesíodo proviniesen de Egipto ‒aunque filtradas a través de la cultura minoica-micénica‒, y no, como por lo general se viene sosteniendo, de Mesopotamia. No se afirma que este mito, tal y como lo presenta Hesíodo, tuviese un homólogo previo en Egipto; solo se propone que algunos de los elementos que lo coordinan podrían inspirarse en tradiciones egipcias: particularmente, la idea de las cinco estirpes originarias (que Hesíodo historiza) y la distinción de los cuatro tipos de seres que las caracterizan. Contenidos similares se encuentran en Manetón (s. III a.C.), cuyos Αἰγυπτιακά se basaban en los registros mito-históricos transmitidos por las antiguas listas dinásticas, de las cuales el Canon Real de Turín (ca. s. XIII a.C.) es la mejor conservada. Guiados por este parecido, y apoyados en las reliquias que constatan el diálogo secular entre Grecia, Creta, Micenas y la región del Nilo, investigaremos otras tradiciones egipcias que pudieron influir en la elaboración del Mito de las Edades.
Journal Article
Founding Gods, Inventing Nations
From the dawn of writing in Sumer to the sunset of the Islamic empire, Founding Gods, Inventing Nations traces four thousand years of speculation on the origins of civilization. Investigating a vast range of primary sources, some of which are translated here for the first time, and focusing on the dynamic influence of the Greek, Roman, and Arab conquests of the Near East, William McCants looks at the ways the conquerors and those they conquered reshaped their myths of civilization's origins in response to the social and political consequences of empire. The Greek and Roman conquests brought with them a learned culture that competed with that of native elites. The conquering Arabs, in contrast, had no learned culture, which led to three hundred years of Muslim competition over the cultural orientation of Islam, a contest reflected in the culture myths of that time. What we know today as Islamic culture is the product of this contest, whose protagonists drew heavily on the lore of non-Arab and pagan antiquity. McCants argues that authors in all three periods did not write about civilization's origins solely out of pure antiquarian interest--they also sought to address the social and political tensions of the day. The strategies they employed and the postcolonial dilemmas they confronted provide invaluable context for understanding how authors today use myth and history to locate themselves in the confusing aftermath of empire.
eBook
Greek Historians of the Near East: Clio's “Other” Sons
I begin with two commonplace, but nonetheless important, observations. First, that with the conquests of Alexander the Great went also a rapid and massive diffusion of Hellenic culture to non‐Greek lands. And secondly, that the writing of history was deeply implicated in Alexander's empire building: historians accompanied him on his march; a number of his lieutenants later in life turned to the writing of history; and, perhaps most importantly, earlier historical writing, in particular Herodotus, directly affected Alexander's own understanding of the world and his plans to conquer it. It should come as no surprise, with the rapid spread of Greek
paideia
to non‐Greeks and the importance placed on historiography in the early Hellenistic period, that within a generation of Alexander's death, histories of Egypt and Babylon should appear, written in the Greek language by non‐Greeks.
Book Chapter
Text and Testimony
Three sources particularly exercised Newton as he proceeded to drastically abbreviate ancient history: thePersikaof Ctesias of Cnidus, theAegyptiacaof Manetho, and the Marmor Parium—key sources for the history of, respectively, Assyria, Egypt, and Greece.¹ Before the late 1690s, Newton rarely cited these sources; he certainly did not consider them problematic. Yet as his revised chronology took shape, he engaged critically with them, undermining as much as possible their credibility, and explaining to himself—as well as to others—his reasoning.
Ctesias composed thePersicain an effort to refute Herodotus’ account of the Persian wars, and
Book Chapter
Clio's Other Sons: Berossus and Manetho, with an Afterword on Demetrius
J. Dillery explores each writer's cultural and intellectual affiliations through their use of chronology and geography and offers new readings of the narrative sections of the Babyloniaca and Aegyptica.
Book Review