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National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with spontaneous antitumor and anti-viral effector functions. As such, there is intense interest in understanding how these functions are regulated in order to devise novel therapeutic strategies to harness NK cell function in disease. In a recent issue of Nature, a team led by Alberto Mantovani and Cecilia Garlanda have identified a new \"checkpoint\" or negative regulator of NK cell function known as IL-1R8.1 Their data demonstrate that IL-1R8 expression by NK cells dampens their response to the inflammatory cytokine IL-18, and that genetic deletion of Il1r8 unleashes NK cell dependent resistance to hepatic carcinoma, tumor metastasis and cytomegalovirus infection. If translated to humans, therapeutic inhibition of IL-1R8 could act as a novel NK cell checkpoint inhibitor in cancer immunotherapy.

Editado en 1936, Educación y lucha de clases, del argentino Aníbal Ponce, se destacó durante décadas como uno de los pocos manuales latinoamericanos de introducción al marxismo. A los varios análisis que recibió dicho ensayo, el presente artículo suma uno anclado en su primer contexto de producción y circulación. Con ello recupera la discusión de ese texto con la Escuela Nueva y en particular la tácita polémica que Ponce mantuvo con Educación y plenitud humana (1933), del pedagogo argentino Juan Mantovani. Ante el creciente interés que se registra actualmente respecto de la circulación latinoamericana del “escolanovismo”, nos valemos de la perspectiva de la historia intelectual para reconstruir la participación que tuvo Ponce. Ello nos lleva a analizar no sólo las tesis de Ponce y Mantovani sino también la sociabilidad y la trama editorial en la que intervenían esas tesis; esto es, el proyecto de extensión y de defensa antifascista de la cultura organizado desde 1930 en Buenos Aires por el Colegio Libre de Estudios Superiores. Ponce se contó entre los seis fundadores y hasta su exilio en 1937 fue quien más cursos dictó y más publicó en la revista del Colegio, Cursos y conferencias (1931-1960). A fines de 1934, dejó las lecciones sobre psicología infantil y adolescente que venía impartiendo desde 1930 para ocuparse de “Las luchas de clase y la educación”, ocho lecciones cuya versión taquigráfica fue publicada primero en entregas en Cursos y conferencias y luego como el mencionado ensayo Educación y lucha de clases. El recorrido que proponemos recupera las instancias colectivas de discusión pedagógica y política de entonces y muestra que el curso de Ponce constituyó un modo de prolongar y corregir la reflexión iniciada en el Colegio con la “Introducción filosófica a los problemas pedagógicos”, que Mantovani había ofrecido en 1931 y que la Biblioteca del Colegio publicó como Educación y plenitud humana en 1933. Edited in 1936, Educación y lucha de clases, by the Argentine Aníbal Ponce, stood out for decades as one of the few Latin American introductory textbooks on Marxism. To the various analyses that this essay received, this article adds one anchored in its first context of production and circulation. With this, it recovers the discussion of this text with the Escuela Nueva and in particular the tacit polemic that Ponce maintained with Educación y Plenitud Humana (1933), by the Argentine pedagogue Juan Mantovani. Given the growing interest currently registered regarding the Latin American circulation of “Escolanovism”, we use the perspective of intellectual history to reconstruct Ponce’s participation. This leads us to analyze not only the theses of Ponce and Mantovani but also the sociability and editorial framework in which these theses intervened, that is, the project of extension and anti-fascist defense of culture organized since 1930 in Buenos Aires by the Colegio Libre de Estudios Superiores. Ponce was one of the six founders and until his exile in 1937 he was the one who gave the most courses and published the most in the College’s magazine, Cursos y Conferencias (1931-1960). At the end of 1934, he left the lectures on child and adolescent psychology that he had been giving since 1930 to focus on “Las luchas de clase y la educación”, eight lectures whose shorthand version was first published in installments in Cursos y Conferencias and then as the aforementioned essay Educación y lucha de clases. The route we propose recovers the collective instances of pedagogical and political discussion of that time and shows that Ponce’s course constituted a way of prolonging and correcting the reflection begun at the College with the “Introducción filosófica a los problemas pedagógicos”, which Mantovani had offered in 1931 and which the College Library published as Educación y plenitud humana in 1933. Publicado em 1936, Educación y lucha de clases, do argentino Aníbal Ponce, destacou-se durante décadas como um dos poucos manuais latino-americanos de introdução ao marxismo. Às diversas análises que este ensaio recebeu, este artigo acrescenta uma ancorada no seu primeiro contexto de produção e circulação. Com isso recupera a discussão desse texto com a Escola Nova e em particular a polêmica tácita que Ponce manteve com Educación y plenitud humana (1933), do pedagogo argentino Juan Mantovani. Dado o interesse crescente que se regista atualmente pela circulação latino-americana do “escolanovismo”, utilizamos a perspectiva da história intelectual para reconstruir a participação que Ponce teve. Isto nos leva a analisar não apenas as teses de Ponce e Mantovani, mas também a sociabilidade e a trama editorial em que intervieram essas teses, ou seja, o projeto de extensão e defesa antifascista da cultura organizado desde 1930 em Buenos Aires pelo Colégio Livre de Estudos Superiores. Ponce esteve entre os seis fundadores e até seu exílio em 1937 foi o que mais ministrou cursos e mais publicou na revista do Colégio, Cursos y Conferencias (1931-1960). No final de 1934, deixou as aulas de psicologia infantil e juvenil que lecionava desde 1930 para tratar de “Las luchas de clase y la educación”, oito aulas cuja versão taquigráfica foi publicada primeiro em fascículos em Cursos y Conferencias e depois como o ensaio acima mencionado Educación y lucha de clases. O itinerário que propomos recupera as instâncias coletivas de discussão pedagógica e política da época e mostra que o curso de Ponce constituiu uma forma de prolongar e corrigir a reflexão iniciada no Colégio com a “Introducción filosófica a los problemas pedagógicos”, que Mantovani havia oferecido em 1931 e que a Biblioteca da Faculdade publicou como Educación y Plenitud Humana em 1933.

AIGLE, Switzerland, May 3 Reuters - Cheats will not prosper was the message of International Cycling Union president Brian Cookson as the governing body stepped up their fight against mechanical fraud by showcasing a new method to detect hidden motors in bikes. The UCI's technical manager Mark Barfield told reporters at the governing body's headquarters that their method to detect motors uses a magnetic resonance test involving an iPad and an adapter. \"The system using thermal imaging cameras is not as reliable and not as foolproof as the system that... we've developed,\" he said.

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[Mario Mantovani] pointed out that in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo there are no longer any springs with potable water. He said all the water must now be treated.

Nav Microelectronics Corporation and RFDomus, Inc. jointly announced today the settlement of the outstanding dispute between the two companies.

A critical analysis of reflections of Father Ennio Mantovani upon the gap existing between the theory of evolution and the traditional Catholic understanding of original sin is presented. The perennially valid view of Paul has to be kept while reflecting upon the compatibility of evolution with an understanding of original sin.

Vince Mantovani, wearing an open-necked crimson dress shirt and a black suit, said \"I love you\" to his crying family as he was led away from the dock after his sentencing on Tuesday. The gang's crimes took more than four hours to be heard during [Vincent Latorre]'s sentencing last week, detailing a history of blackmail and sabotage between 2002 and 2006 designed to squeeze hundreds of thousands of dollars out of nearby businesses. \"Revenge is an ugly motive and deserving of condemnation and punishment,\" Victorian County Court Judge Felicity Hampel told the court.

MELBOURNE, Dec 10 AAP - \"I'll be back,\" mobster Vincent Latorre vowed to a courtroom packed with supporters after being jailed for 11 years and six months for running a violent extortion ring. Judge Felicity Hampel called Latorre's actions \"evil, cruel and cowardly\" as she took more than four hours to detail his gang's four-year reign of tyranny. Latorre, named as the prime murder suspect in a 2006 coroner's inquest into the death of Rocco \"Rocky\" Iaria, will not be eligible for parole for eight years and three months.