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Background Prolonged sitting time is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, it is unclear how these risks differ across occupational groups. This study aimed to investigate the association between sitting time and CVD in manual and non-manual workers among Chinese adults. Methods This population-based cohort study recruited 47,931 participants aged 35 to 70 years from 115 communities across 12 provinces in China between 2005 and 2009. Daily sitting time was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The main outcome was a major CVD event (defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Information on each participant’s occupation was collected using standardized questionnaires and categorized into manual and non-manual occupations according to the Italian National Institute of Statistics 2001 (ISTAT-2001) occupational classification standard. Cox frailty models were used to examine the associations. Results Of 43,256 in the final sample (excluding those with CVD at baseline and missing data), 25,252 (58.4%) were women, and the mean (± SD, Standard Deviation) age was 50.6 ± 9.5 years. During a median follow-up of 11.9 (IQR, Interquartile Range: 9.5–12.6) years, 3,408 major CVD events (899 myocardial infarctions, 2,400 strokes, 240 incident heart failure, and 764 cardiovascular deaths) were documented. Compared with the reference group (< 4 h per day of sitting), the risk of major CVD events was positively associated with increasing sitting time among manual workers (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05–1.37 for 6–8 h per day; HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12–1.82 for ≥ 8 h per day), while the risk among non-manual workers was greater for those reporting daily sitting times of more than 8 h (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18–2.95). Similar trends were observed when CVD mortality and incidence were analysed separately. Conclusions Longer daily sitting time was associated with an increased risk of major CVD in both manual and non-manual occupational groups, and the risk was especially high among non-manual workers. Our findings highlight the importance of including measures to reduce sedentary behaviour within a comprehensive strategy to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in China.

Objectives: Cancer screening is crucial for early detection and improved health outcomes. Limited evidence exists on the association between occupational class and cancer screening participation in Japan. Therefore, we aimed to examine screening participation rates and disparities among active workers across different occupational classes.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from a nationwide web-based survey conducted in Japan (September to November, 2023). Eligible participants included current workers aged 40-64 years for colorectal, lung, and stomach cancer screenings (n = 7038); workers aged 40-64 years for breast cancer screening (n = 2929); and workers aged 30-64 years for cervical cancer screening (n = 4252). Cancer screening participation rates across occupational classes (upper nonmanual, lower nonmanual, and manual workers) were compared using the chi-square test. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for nonparticipation, adjusted for sex, age, educational attainment, household income, and workplace scale. Upper nonmanual workers served as the reference group.Results: Manual workers consistently had lower cancer screening participation rates. Compared with upper nonmanual workers, manual workers exhibited significantly higher PRs for nonparticipation in colorectal (PR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22), lung (PR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.34), stomach (PR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.23), and cervical cancer screenings (PR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33). The disparities were particularly pronounced among male workers.Conclusions: Manual workers had lower cancer screening participation rates, particularly for colorectal, lung, stomach, and cervical cancer. Targeted interventions are needed to improve screening, particularly among manual workers, and reduce occupational disparities in cancer prevention and outcomes.

PurposeData from different countries suggest a higher prevalence of anxiety, depression and suicides among manual and trade workers in the construction industry than in the general population. The present review examines the causes and effects of poor mental health and the effectiveness of interventions to improve manual and trade workers' mental health in the construction industry. It also identifies gaps in research and makes several suggestions for practice and future research.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted to examine and consolidate evidence reported in 54 relevant journal articles published between 2010 and 2021 on the mental health of manual and trade workers.FindingsThree major themes emerged in the review of the 54 journal articles: causes of poor mental health, effects of poor mental health and interventions to improve mental health. The leading causes of poor mental health among construction manual and trade workers are poor work-life balance, high job demand, poor cultural norms and mental health stigma, chronic bodily pain, lack of social support, workplace injustice and job insecurity. The prominent effects of poor mental health are suicidality, drug and alcohol addiction, poor workplace safety and poor work performance. Moreover, the study found that some of the strategies recently implemented in the construction industry to improve mental health are deemed ineffective, or their effectiveness remains inconclusive.Research limitations/implicationsThe review's scope is limited to research on manual and trade workers, and it did not investigate the mental health of construction professionals and construction management students.Originality/valueThe review provides valuable insights into the causes and effects of poor mental health among manual and trade workers and the effectiveness of mental health interventions in the construction industry.

Work stress has been found to be associated with sleep quality in various occupational groups, and genetic factors such as variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the Period3 (Per3) gene also influence the circadian sleep-wake process. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality status of non-manual workers in Xinjiang, China and to analyse the effects of work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism and their interaction on sleep quality. A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1700 non-manual workers in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The work stress and sleep quality of these workers were evaluated using the Effort–Reward Imbalance Inventory (ERI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Next, 20% of the questionnaire respondents were randomly selected for genetic polymorphism analysis. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine Per3 gene polymorphism. The detection rate of sleep quality problems differed between the different work stress groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that non-manual workers with high levels of work stress are more likely to have sleep quality problems. Regression analysis revealed that the Per3 gene (OR = 3.315, 95% CI: 1.672–6.574) was the influencing factor for poor sleep quality after adjusting for confounding factors, such as occupation, length of service, education, and monthly income. Interaction analysis showed that Per34/5,5/5 × high work stress (OR = 2.511, 95% CI: 1.635–3.855) had a higher risk of developing sleep quality problems as compared to Per34/4 × low work stress after adjusting for confounding factors. The structural equation modelling showed no mediating effect between work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism. The results of this study show that both work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism independently affect sleep quality of nonmanual workers from Xinjiang, and the interaction between these two factors may increase the risk of sleep quality problems. Therefore, to improve sleep quality, individuals with genetic susceptibility should avoid or reduce as much as possible self-stimulation by work-related exposures such as high levels of external work stress.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the Work Ability Index (WAI) as a tool to screen for risk of different durations of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) among manual and office workers. Methods The prospective study comprised a cohort of 3049 (1710 manual and 1339 office) workers participating in occupational health surveys between 2010-2012. The survey date was set as baseline and incident LTSA episodes of different duration (>14, >28, >42, >60, and >90 days) were retrieved from an occupational health register in the year following the survey. Baseline WAI scores were associated with LTSA episodes occurring (no/yes) during one-year follow-up by logistic regression analysis in a random sample (N=1000) of the cohort. Predictions of LTSA risk were then validated among the workers not included in the random sample. Results The odds of LTSA episodes at follow-up decreased with increasing baseline WAI scores (ie, better work ability). The WAI accurately predicted the risk of future LTSA episodes >28, >42, >60 days, but over-predicted the risk of LTSA episodes >14 and >90 days. The WAI discriminated between workers at high and low risk of LTSA episodes of all durations. Office workers had higher WAI scores than manual workers. Consequently, falsenegative rates were higher among office workers and false-positive rates were higher among manual workers at each WAI cut-off point. Conclusion The WAI could be used to screen both manual and office workers for risk of LTSA episodes lasting >28, >42, >60 days. WAI cut-off points depend on the objectives of screening and may differ for manual and office workers.

Although studies on occupational mortality have been conducted in Korea, the results for occupations with high mortality around 2010 are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine occupational mortality from overwork-related suicide and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) from 1997 to 2020. We used microdata of the Causes of Death Statistics (CDS) and Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) to obtain indirect standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized proportional mortality ratio (PMR) of suicide (X60–X84) and CCVD deaths (I20–I25 and I60–I69) by gender and eight occupational categories. The trend of SMR of suicide and CCVD by occupation was similar within individual genders. The SMR of managers (MNG) was the highest for men and women in 2012–2017 and 2008–2020, respectively, whereas the SMR of professionals and related workers (PRF) was consistently low. Despite the similar socioeconomic status of MNG and PRF, we suggest that their mortality should be analyzed separately in Korea. SMR of suicide and CCVD in female MNG were consistently highest, although the PMR was low. Female MNG may have been more directly affected by the economic crisis. There is a need for work-related stress management, early intervention, and prevention policies in occupations vulnerable to mortality.

Introduction Little is known about the sleep health of Latin(x) day laborers. Existing research demonstrates that they experience precarious employment, low wages, and hazardous working conditions. Recent studies also show that periods of unemployment and psychosocial stressors, such as financial insecurity, have been associated with worsened mental health outcomes and poor sleep health. Our investigation brings these insights together in order to understand how sleep health impacts well-being in the workplace and how precarious work, such as day labor, impacts sleep, contributing to health disparities. Methods This was a mixed-methods study in which twenty participants were recruited using purposive sampling from a worker center run by the Austin Public Health Department and an informal hiring site. Participants were male, over 18 years of age, of Latin(x) ethnicity, who reported problems with sleep. All completed a semi-structured interview with validated sleep questionnaires. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded. Results Most workers were between 30 - 44 years of age, of Mexican ethnicity, and worked in construction. Workers reported poor sleep quality with an average of 5.6 hours of sleep at night. Eighty-five percent (n=17) had problems with either clinically significant insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index ≥ 15), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 10), or both. In addition, 50% reported either moderate or severe anxiety or depression. Most agreed (80%) that poor sleep affected their quality of life. Regarding work performance, 50% found themselves not concentrating enough on their work two or more times a week. Common themes included: (1) lack of routine and unpredictability of work schedule (2) poor sleep habits and coping mechanisms (3) negative impact of fatigue on work routine and relationships (4) belief that sleep would improve unaided and (5) willingness to seek behavioral health interventions for sleep concerns. Conclusion Our results indicate that study participants experience short sleep duration and insomnia in conjunction with high levels of anxiety and/or depression. Participants linked these with unpredictable work schedules, stress, and financial difficulties. However, many were interested in receiving a clinical behavioral intervention to improve their sleep. Support (if any) This work was supported in part by BSM PRIDE Institute SRP funding from NHLBI (R25HL105444).

IntroductionChildren in labor are highly vulnerable to intentional maltreatment in the workplace and home environment, particularly in South Asian countries. Since it adversely affects their emotional and cognitive health, it is considered to be a major public health concern. However, the emotional and behavioral consequences of child labor maltreatment are still overlooked.ObjectivesThe study investigated the construct validity of a PSC tool for child laborers and the relationship between different maltreatment forms and child laborers’ psychosocial impairments.MethodsIn total, 114 parents of child laborers were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was developed based on three items of the ICAST-P and the parent’s version of the PSC tool. This study performed a factor analysis and a multivariate analysis using SPSS. The data were collected between April and June 2022.ResultsA three-factor model consisting of internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems of child laborers has been partially fitted to the data. The PSC appears to be primarily concerned with internalized psychological difficulties among child laborers, followed by externalized and attention-associated emotional and behavioral difficulties. A mean estimate of the prevalence of maltreatment indicates that child laborers are primarily subjected to psychological maltreatment, followed by physical maltreatment and neglect. The study observed that physically and psychologically maltreated child laborers are significantly screened for psychosocial impairments associated with internalized problems and attention deficits. Psycho-social constructs are not significantly influenced by neglect. There was no significant relationship between maltreatment and externalized psychosocial difficulties among child laborers.ConclusionsThe estimated findings would aid prospective researchers in examining the possible factors associated with the emotional and behavioral problems of maltreated child laborers. In addition, clinicians can gain insight into diagnosing psychometric symptoms in this population of children.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Objective: To investigate the reasons for the excess risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders among manual workers compared with other workers in a random sample of 2656 French men and women (20–59 years old) participating in a study on the prevalence of work related upper limb disorders conducted by France’s National Institute of Health Surveillance. Methods: Prevalence ratios (PR) of physician-diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand (any of six leading disorders, rotator cuff syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome) in manual versus non-manual workers were calculated using Cox regression models with a constant time of follow up and robust variance. Results: 11.3% of men and 15.1% of women were diagnosed with an upper limb disorder. The risk was especially high in manual workers (PRs: 1.40 to 2.10). Physical work factors accounted for over 50% of occupational disparities overall, 62% (men) to 67% (women) for rotator cuff syndrome, and 96% (women) for carpal tunnel syndrome. The authors calculated that under lower levels of physical work exposures, up to 31% of cases among manual workers could have been prevented. Conclusions: In working men and women, upper limb musculoskeletal disorders are frequent. Physical work exposures, such as repetitive and forceful movements, are an important source of risk and in particular account for a large proportion of excess morbidity among manual workers.