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Age of Concrete' is a history of the making of houses and homes in the suburbios of Maputo (Lourenco Marques), Mozambique, from the late 1940s to the present. Often dismissed as undifferentiated, ahistorical \"slums,\" these neighborhoods are in fact an open-air archive that reveals some of people's highest aspirations. At first people built in reeds. Then they built in wood and zinc panels. And finally, even when it was illegal, they risked building in concrete block, making permanent homes in a place where their presence was often excruciatingly precarious.0Unlike many histories of the built environment in African cities, 'Age of Concrete' focuses on ordinary homebuilders and dwellers. David Morton thus models a different way of thinking about urban politics during the era of decolonization, when one of the central dramas was in the construction of the urban stage itself. It shaped how people related not only to each other, but also to the colonial state and then to the independent state stumbling into being.0Original, deeply researched, and beautifully composed, this book speaks in innovative ways to scholarship on urban history, colonialism and decolonization, and the postcolonial state. Replete with rare photographs and forgotten documents, it establishes Morton as one of a handful of scholars breaking new ground on how we understand Africa's cities.

This study examines the competitive dynamics between Durban, South Africa, and Maputo, Mozambique, port cities, just 533 kilometres apart. Employing a multi-theoretical framework that integrates the neoclassical theory of investment, growth pole theory, institutional theory, and Michael Porter’s competitive advantage model, the research investigates the impact of investment trends, capital mobility, and tourism development on the competitive positions of both cities. A thorough analysis combines quantitative data on port traffic, tourism, and investment with qualitative insights from key stakeholders. The findings reveal that infrastructural deficiencies, reputational challenges, and investment shortfalls have undermined Durban’s economic dominance. In contrast, Maputo has effectively leveraged these obstacles through strategic infrastructure investments and proactive governance. This study not only highlights the divergent economic trajectories of Durban and Maputo but also offers valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and businesses in rapidly changing regional economies. By implementing the research recommendations, stakeholders can enhance their competitive advantage and stimulate economic growth in their regions. Ultimately, this research emphasises the importance of understanding and harnessing competitive advantage within regional economic contexts, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions that foster sustainable development.

\"This book makes an important contribution to global urban studies through an in-depth and inter-disciplinary study of Maputo as a key case study for rapid urbanization, emerging urbanism and actual urbanity across Africa. It builds on decades of experience in the region, as well as a recent detailed empirical study which included unique longitudinal elements--contextualizing the relevance of this more generally. Its focus on the physical aspects of the city, linked to socio-cultural analysis, place[s] it in a unique position in current critiques of writing on Africa\"--Provided by the publisher.

In developing countries, markets are the main supply of horticultural products to populations, but this can pose a public health challenge due to the risk of the fecal-oral transmission of gut pathogens. This transmission is strongly associated with inadequate public sanitation or low standards of personal and domestic hygiene, and their prevalence can cause gastrointestinal diseases, which are the third leading cause of death in Mozambique. This study aims at assessing the risk for public health of horticultural products supply chain, from the farmers-vendors to the consumers, in municipal markets in Maputo-City, Mozambique. Surveys (75) were conducted on vendors and an observational analysis was performed in the markets under study. The results showed that 62% of the vendors had access to water from boreholes or artisanal sources and the issue “access to water” was significantly different between markets (p = 0.004). Of the vendors who wash their products (53.3%), only 7.5% use tap-water for this purpose, with the difference in attitudes being statistically significant between vendors in the markets (p = 0.035). The majority (60.4%) said that vegetables and fruits can cause diseases due to pesticides and only 31.3% believe that the diseases may be related to poor hygiene. Despite the vendors’ low knowledge of Good Hygiene Practices (GHP), we noticed that women have better practical assimilation of GHP when compared to men (p = 0.008). Although Maputo’s markets are struggling to achieve quality hygiene standards in a reliable and sustainable manner, their resources are limited and significantly different (p = 0.044) from market to market, and this problem remains a concern for the public-health authorities of the city. In conclusion, the provision of adequate drinking water and sewage disposal systems, together with education for health of vendors, can reduce the risk of contamination of fresh food by the more common organisms causing diarrhea in children, including intestinal parasites.

Background Mozambique classifies but does not yet enforce antibiotics as prescription-only-medicine (POM) allowing the public access to a variety of antibiotics that otherwise are provided on prescription. This contributes to the growing practice of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) which systematically exposes individuals to the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, antibiotic side effects and increases the health service costs and morbidity. This study aimed at describing the patterns of SMA among Maputo city pharmacy customers. Methods A qualitative study conducted between October 2018 and March 2019 was developed with thirty-two pharmacy customers and seventeen pharmacists. Using convenience sampling, customers were recruited after buying antibiotics without prescription from nine private pharmacies. Of the thirty-two participants, twenty participated in in-depth interviews and twelve in two focus groups discussions (FGD) with six participants each. Purposive sampling and a snowball technique were used to recruit pharmacists. The transcripts were coded and analyzed using latent content analysis. Nvivo 11 was used to store and retrieve the data. The COREQ (Tong, 2007) checklist for interviews and FGD was performed. Results Customers admitted practices of SMA, pharmacists admitted dispensing a variety of antibiotics without prescription. Non-prescribed antibiotics (NPA) were obtained through five different patterns including; using the generic name, describing the physical appearance and using empty package, describing symptoms or health problem to pharmacists, using old prescriptions and sharing antibiotics with family, friends, and neighbors. Conclusion Different patterns of SMA are contributing to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics among customers. The NPA utilization is perceived as an expression of self-care where participants experience self-perceived symptoms and indulge in self-treatment as a method of caring for themselves. Moreover, antibiotics are mostly used to treat diseases that do not necessarily need antibiotics. Strong and effective public health education and promotion initiatives should be implemented to discourage inappropriate utilization of antibiotics and SMA practices.

The right to education is identified as a crucial and classical right. This classification is premised on the fact that it provides the basis on which an individual has the potential to transform their status and build their desired personality. Additionally, it is the basis on which society is projected to be transformed and set on a better pedestal, with individuals playing positive roles. The recognition of the right, though emanating from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) received only tacit recognition through other treaties. The Maputo Protocol recognises the right to education, as it flows from the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. This commentary, therefore, examines the right to education as enshrined in the Maputo Protocol with the aim of restating the grounds covered in the protection of female children and women and exposing lost opportunities. Finally, it makes recommendations on how the lost ground can be covered and give better content and scope to the right to education.

Background: Decision-making about if and how to terminate a pregnancy is a dilemma for young women experiencing an unwanted pregnancy. Those women are subject to sociocultural and economic barriers that limit their autonomy and make them vulnerable to pressures that influence or force decisions about abortion. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the individual, interpersonal and environmental factors behind the abortion decision-making process among young Mozambican women. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Maputo and Quelimane. Participants were identified during a cross-sectional survey with women in the reproductive age (15–49). In total, 14 women aged 15 to 24 who had had an abortion participated in in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis was used. Results: The study found determinants at different levels, including the low degree of autonomy for women, the limited availability of health facilities providing abortion services and a lack of patient-centeredness of health services. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, the authors suggest strategies to increase knowledge of abortion rights and services and to improve the quality and accessibility of abortion services in Mozambique.

01 02 Sub-Saharan Africa is often considered to be the last global macro-region in the world to go through a rapid urbanization process, leading to the majority of the population living in cities and towns. Despite common misunderstandings to the contrary, the urbanization process in this region has historic roots, and although this has accelerated in the post-colonial era, it continues to display distinctive spaces and forms due to particular political, economic, social, and cultural contexts. This book explores the features of recent urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa through a remarkably detailed and wide-ranging case study of Mozambique's capital city Maputo, including longitudinal physical and socio-economic factors as well as an ethnographic inquiry into cultural attitudes. The findings of this study reflect not only the weakness of state capacity in the region in urban intervention, but also the continued basis for urban development activity by residents, in social and economic terms as well as the importance of culturally constructed identities and social relations. Maputo and cities like it are very much a collective \"urban\" in the making - and the final form that they take remains to be seen in terms of urbanism and urbanity. 02 02 Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa has historic roots, and though it has accelerated in recent decades, it retains distinctive forms. This book explores sub-Saharan urbanism through a detailed and wide-ranging study of Maputo, Mozambique, covering physical and socio-economic factors as well as an ethnographic inquiry into cultural attitudes. 13 02 Paul Jenkins is an architect, planner, and social researcher who has worked during most of the past 40 years on a wide range of aspects in the built environment: architecture, construction, housing, planning and urban studies. Until recently he was Professor of Architecture Research at the Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, The University of Edinburgh, UK, and concurrently Professor of Architecture and Human Settlements in the School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, UK, as well as Visiting Professor at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. He is now Head of the School of Architecture & Planning at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa, and continues as Visiting Professor at Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique. 04 02 PART I: INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL 1. The Aims and Objectives of the Book 2. The Intellectual Approach of the Book PART II: CONTEXTUAL MATERIAL 3. Contextualization at Macro-level 4. Contextualizing at Meso-level 5. Contextualizing at Micro –level PART III: EMPIRICAL MATERIAL 6. Life Stories 7. Integrated Findings 8. Key Issues Arising PART IV: CONCLUDING MATERIAL 9. Queries and Proposals 08 02 to come

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are immunosuppressive viruses in cats that increase their susceptibility to zoonotic pathogens. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of one or both viruses, the risk factors associated with infection, and to develop further recommendations. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Veterinary Faculty of Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique, between March and December 2017, in 145 cats. From each of 145 cats, we took 1.5 ml of blood by jugular puncture for detection of antibodies to FIV and FeLV antigens in whole blood using a commercial test kit, DFV Test FeLV/FIV. We found an overall prevalence of 11.0% and 14.5% for FIV antibodies and FeLV antigens, respectively, with four (2.8%) cats coinfected by both pathogens. Male cats were more likely to be infected with FIV (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–4.0) compared with female cats. Clinically ill cats were more likely to have a positive result for FeLV antigen infection (OR 18.8, 95% CI 5.2–68.3). Moreover, cats living in suburban areas have a greater chance of a positive result for FeLV infection (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4–9.6) compared with cats living in urban areas. FIV and FeLV occur in cats from Maputo and possibly all over the country. Further studies should be conducted in Mozambique and other African countries to define the burden of both pathogens in cats, coinfection with other zoonotic pathogens and the possible role played by the cats on the transmission of zoonotic and opportunistic diseases to humans.