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Este trabajo se propone analizar los comentarios de lectores de La Capital, uno de los sitios más populares de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, en noticias políticas vinculadas al ex intendente y candidato por la coalición Cambiemos Carlos Fernando Arroyo (2015-2019), referente local cercano a la derecha del espectro político. La construcción del corpus se realizó mediante técnicas de web scraping con el lenguaje de programación R, lo que permitió explorar su conformación general y realizar búsquedas particulares. El análisis de la sección política revela que la dinámica del comentario reactualiza la dicotomía entre peronismo y anti peronismo. Además, emergen nuevas categorías como la de troll, que se entrelazan con las de la cultura local, a los fines de interpelar a los/as usuarios/as. Este hecho devela la polarización social, pero también la relevancia del sitio como espacio de encuentro entre las diferencias políticas. The aim of this study is to analyze readers’ comments in one of the most popular news websites of Mar del Plata (La Capital). The source analyzed are political news related to the former mayor and candidate for the coalition Cambiemos Carlos Fernando Arroyo (2015-2019). Arroyo is a political figure usually linked to right wing circles.  The construction of the corpus was carried out using web scraping techniques with R programming language, which has allowed for an exploration of the general corpus and the completion specific analysis as well. The study of the political section reveals Peronism/anti-Peronism dichotomy. In addition, new categories like troll, associated with local culture, emerge in the discussion among users. This fact reveals a certain degree of social polarization. Besides, it also shows the relevance of the website as a meeting place for diverse and even opposing political ideas.

The urban growth of the southern neighborhoods of Mar del Plata City provoked significant changes in the groundwater balance of the loessic sequences. These regional loessic levels with a significant portion of volcanic ash layers were reported subject to fluoride and nitrate concentrations. Residential houses pump from sands located 70 m depth and withdraw the sewages to depths less than 5 m. These effects cause significant local and seasonal (summer) increments of the water table outcropping via springs at certain unconformities of the coastal cliffs. A mathematical model was applied to analyze the water level lowering at the productive levels, while there is a decrease in the quality of the upper levels subject to waste discharges. Much of this groundwater flow is concentrated in unconformities between different types of sediments. Human activities have affected the aquifer dynamics increasing the groundwater pumping rates and the return velocity of the sewages. This should be considered in the management strategies of coastal hydric resources.

The impact of urbanization on groundwater quality is of special concern for water managers dealing with the provision of drinking water to large urban centers. Nitrate is one of the most common contaminants found in urban aquifers. This paper presents a case study aiming at evaluating the distribution and sources of nitrate in an urban aquifer in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina. Four study zones under different land uses, including a pristine, a semi-rural, an intermediate, and an urban area, were evaluated as a part of this study. The three latter zones are linked by the groundwater flow system. The average nitrate concentration in the pristine area is 6.7 mg/L as nitrate and is over the permissible level of 50 mg/L for drinking water in the other areas. In the semi-rural area it ranges from 39.2 to 107.1 mg/L with an average value of 38.2 mg/L and the nitrate concentration tends to decrease in the intermediate zone to an average value of 38.2 mg/L; however, values above 60 mg/L are also observed there. Then the nitrate concentration in the urban area water is higher than that in the intermediate zonewater ranging from 48.2 to 100.3 mg/L with an average value of 67.3 mg/L. Data on the stable isotopes 15N and 18O in nitrate show that the main sources of nitrate in the study area are manure associated to agriculture uses and cesspools in the semi-rural area, and leakage of the sewage distribution network in the urban area, respectively. This is supported by a previous study which found that 20 % of the water flooding many underground structures in the city came from leakage of the sewage network. No evidence of nitrate attenuation by denitrification was found in the groundwater. This study has shown that aquifers in urban areas can be affected by agricultural activity in the upstream areas and leakage of the sewage network in the urban area.

Desde hace unos años, el aumento de las mujeres futbolistas en el mundo se muestra imparable. Considerando el contexto actual donde el movimiento feminista ha visibilizado diversas luchas reivindicando el lugar de la mujer en distintos espacios -entre ellos el fútbol- se busca interrogar sus dificultades y oportunidades, así como las acciones necesarias para consolidar esta tendencia. Para estudiarlo se elige el caso del futbol femenino en la localidad de Mar de la Plata (Argentina) y se reconstruyen las trayectorias y discursos de 9 mujeres futbolistas de diversas edades y experiencias. Entre los resultados destacan como pautas de mejora: crear equipos de fútbol de niñas para que empiecen a jugar antes de los 10 años; promover remuneraciones y reconocimientos a jugadoras en etapas avanzadas de sus carreras deportivas; generar estrategias de difusión en redes sociales y medios de comunicación para una mayor visibilización del fútbol femenino; e implementar políticas institucionales que promuevan la equidad de género en este deporte.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones sobre la conflictividad laboral durante el año 2007 en un grupo de trabajadores de la industria de procesamiento de pescado de la ciudad puerto de Mar del Plata (Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina). La atracción se dirige a este grupo de trabajadores/as que histórica y generacionalmente ha sufrido los efectos devastadores de la precariedad y la flexibilización laboral en la rama del filet. Específicamente, pretendemos explorar el grado de participación de nuestros entrevistados en un conflicto particular acontecido en el año 2007 en la industria pesquera de Mar del Plata. Consideramos sustantivo indagar dichas representaciones con relación a las trayectorias laborales, las condiciones laborales involucradas en dichas trayectorias y las relaciones de producción. Para lograr los objetivos planteados se utilizaron principalmente fuentes primarias, construidas a partir de una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada en terreno a 161 trabajadores y trabajadoras.

Un centro comercial a cielo abierto es una calle comercial con una gestión asociada entre el sector público, el privado y la sociedad civil, con el objetivo de lograr una imagen común, acciones promocionales conjuntas y, sobre todo, que el espacio se convierta en un sitio atractivo para residentes y turistas. En Argentina, el Programa Centros Comerciales a Cielo Abierto se viene desarrollando en distintas ciudades con objetivos diversos, siendo uno de ellos generar asociatividad entre comerciantes para realizar acciones conjuntas que redunden en beneficios para el centro comercial y la ciudad. En función de lo anterior, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las percepciones de los comerciantes del Centro Comercial a Cielo Abierto 12 de Octubre, ubicado en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, en lo que respecta al funcionamiento del Programa y a la articipación ciudadana en su implementación. El enfoque del estudio es cualitativo, y se tomó como base una aproximación interpretativista. El análisis se obtuvo a partir de la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas.

Es ampliamente conocido el vínculo entre comercio y turismo, dada la necesidad de comercios y servicios para el desarrollo de la actividad y debido a la consideración de las calles comerciales como atractivos turístico recreativos. Así, el presente artículo se propuso analizar la coordinación público privada en la implementación del programa Centros Comerciales a Cielo Abierto en la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Argentina) teniendo en cuenta los recursos puestos en juego por cada actor, en lo que se considera un proceso de gobernanza. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, que posee un abordaje interpretativista, en tanto se tomó en cuenta el punto de vista de los actores implicados a partir del empleo de entrevistas semiestructuradas; esta información fue cotejada y complementada con aquella proveniente de fuentes secundarias. En cuanto a los resultados del caso, la implementación se pudo lograr por un contexto local favorable de apoyo gubernamental, recursos económicos disponibles y una estructura de relaciones fluidas entre los actores intervinientes. El cambio en la gestión municipal así como la escasa confianza por parte de comerciantes, son factores que han influido en su descontinuidad.

Following widespread deterioration of coastal ecosystems since the 1960s, current environmental policies demand ecosystem recovery and restoration. However, vague definitions of recovery and untested recovery paradigms complicate efficient stewardship of coastal ecosystems. We critically examine definitions of recovery and identify and test the implicit paradigms against well-documented cases studies based on a literature review. The study highlights a need for more careful specification of recovery targets and metrics for assessing recovery in individual ecosystems. Six recovery paradigms were identified and examination of them established that partial (as opposed to full) recovery prevails, that degradation and recovery typically follow different pathways as buffers act to maintain the degraded state, and that recovery trajectories depend on the nature of the pressure as well as the connectivity of ecosystems and can differ between ecosystem components and among ecosystems. A conceptual model illustrates the findings and also indicates how restoration efforts may accelerate the recovery process.

Todo destino turístico presenta una compleja red de actores integrada comúnmente por el Estado local, los empresarios y la comunidad. Cada uno de ellos ocupa un rol diferente en el escenario turístico y detenta distintos grados de poder para generar cambios en el territorio. Dado que el éxito del desarrollo local depende, en parte, de la interacción que se establece entre ellos, resulta oportuno conocer cómo es la participación de cada sector en los procesos de toma de decisiones y en la construcción de consensos. El objetivo del presente artículo es conocer en profundidad la dinámica del Directorio del Ente Municipal de Turismo (EMTUR) desde la perspectiva del sector privado, para intentar determinar la injerencia que tiene en la configuración de la política turística marplatense, puesto que es presentado como un espacio de decisiones compartidas entre el sector público y el sector privado local.

National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.