Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this study, we report new localities for the species along the Peruvian coast and provide an updated diagnosis that includes the first photographs of freshly collected specimens retaining their natural coloration, as well as images of relevant morphological structures. [...]we document the largest total length known for the species (32 mm). Evidence of its occurrence in the stomach contents of coastal fishes suggests an ecological role in the ecosystem; however, we emphasize that the use of inefficient sampling devices for its capture has limited the species detection in ecological surveys. De acuerdo con el Registro Mundial de Especies Marinas (WoRMS), actualmente se reconocen trece especies válidas (DecaNet eds. 2023b; Poore & Ahyong, 2023).

At the start of the 21st century, a coastal residential-estate marina was developed on a previously degraded and polluted brownfield island site within Knysna estuarine bay, Garden Route National Park, South Africa, including the creation of 25 ha of new flow-through tidal canals. Canals near the larger entrance to this system now support permanently submerged beds of seagrass, which in turn support abundant macrobenthic invertebrates. In comparison with equivalent seagrass-associated assemblages present in natural channels around the island, those in the artificial marina canals were similarly structured and dominated by the same species, but the marina assemblages were significantly more species-rich (1.4 x on average) and were more abundant. Indeed, this area of marina supports the richest seagrass-associated macrofaunal biodiversity yet recorded from South Africa. The canals created de novo therefore now form a valuable addition to the bay’s marine habitat, in marked contrast to the generality that marinas developed on greenfield sites represent a net reduction in intertidal and shallow marine area and associated seagrass-associated benthos. If located and constructed appropriately, brownfield marina development and conservation of coastal marine biodiversity clearly need not be antithetical, and brownfield sites may provide opportunity for the location and management of ‘artificial marine micro-reserves’ or for the action of ‘other effective area-based conservation measures’ for soft-sediment faunas.

Accurate forecasts of biological invasions are crucial for managing invasion risk but are hampered by niche shifts resulting from evolved environmental tolerances (fundamental niche shifts) or the presence of novel biotic and abiotic conditions in the invaded range (realized niche shifts). Distinguishing between these kinds of niche shifts is impossible with traditional, correlative approaches to invasion forecasts, which exclusively consider the realized niche. Here we overcome this challenge by combining a physiologically mechanistic model of the fundamental niche with correlative models based on the realized niche to study the global invasion of the cane toad Rhinella marina . We find strong evidence that the success of R . marina in Australia reflects a shift in the species’ realized niche, as opposed to evolutionary shifts in range-limiting traits. Our results demonstrate that R. marina does not fill its fundamental niche in its native South American range and that areas of niche unfilling coincide with the presence of a closely related species with which R. marina hybridizes. Conversely, in Australia, where coevolved taxa are absent, R. marina largely fills its fundamental niche in areas behind the invasion front. The general approach taken here of contrasting fundamental and realized niche models provides key insights into the role of biotic interactions in shaping range limits and can inform effective management strategies not only for invasive species but also for assisted colonization under climate change.

Understanding susceptibility of seabirds to fisheries bycatch requires quantifying overlap of seabird at-sea habitat with fisheries' distribution and effort. Pink-footed Shearwaters (Ardenna creatopus) are vulnerable seabirds that breed only in Chile. Recently, high rates of Pink-footed Shearwater bycatch (i.e. >1,500 observed mortalities 2015–2017) were documented by observers in central Chilean purse-seine fisheries. We present analysis of Pink-footed Shearwater at-sea movements and overlap with central Chilean purse-seine fleets targeting common sardine (Strangomera bentincki), Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), and Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi). To determine overlap during 2015–2017, we paired locations from 49 Pink-footed Shearwaters rearing nestlings at Isla Mocha, Chile, with locations and number of observed purse-seine sets in central Chile. Pink-footed Shearwaters typically visited waters ≤30 km offshore throughout central Chile. Foraging trip durations varied interannually, with longer trips in 2016, but all years revealed persistent foraging hotspots near Valdivia, the Gulf of Arauco, and Isla Mocha, Chile. Greatest overlap between Pink-footed Shearwaters and fisheries occurred with the sardine/anchoveta fleet near Valdivia (artisanal and industrial) and the Gulf of Arauco (artisanal); overlap with the jack mackerel fleet was minimal. Given Pink-footed Shearwater bycatch documented in these fisheries, this overlap may indicate risk of bycatch for these birds, although we did not directly quantify shearwater–fisheries interaction. Our results can inform further fishery monitoring efforts, as well as collaboration among scientists, managers, and fishers to identify, quantify, and reduce fisheries bycatch of Pink-footed Shearwaters within Chile and internationally.

Still, we have the same solitude, the same journeys and searching, and the same favorite turns in the labyrinth of literature and history.—Boris Pasternak to Marina Tsvetaeva One of the most compelling episodes of twentieth-century Russian literature involves the epistolary romance that blossomed between the modernist poets Marina Tsvetaeva and Boris Pasternak in the 1920s. Only weeks after Tsvetaeva emigrated from Russia in 1922, Pasternak discovered her poetry and sent her a letter of praise and admiration. Tsvetaeva's enthusiastic response began a decade-long affair, conducted entirely through letters. This correspondence-written across the widening divide separating Soviet Russia from Russian émigrés in continental Europe-offers a view into the overlapping worlds of literary creativity, sexual identity, and political affiliation. Following both sides of their conversation, Catherine Ciepiela charts the poets' changing relations to each other, to the extraordinary political events of the period, and to literature itself. The Same Solitude presents the first full account of this affair of letters and poems from its beginning in the summer of 1922 to its denouement in the 1930s. Drawing on many previously untranslated letters and poems, Ciepiela describes the poets' mutual influence, both in the course of their lives and the development of their art. Neither poet saw any separation between a poet's life and work, and Ciepiela treats each poet's letters and poems as a single text. She discusses the poets' famous triangular correspondence with Rainer Maria Rilke in 1926, and she addresses the profound significance of Tsvetaeva for Pasternak, who is often perceived (mistakenly, Ciepiela asserts) as the more detached partner. Further, this book expands our understanding of poetic modernism by showing how the poets worked through ideas about gender and writing in the context of what they themselves called a literary marriage.

Invasive rats are some of the largest contributors to seabird extinction and endangerment worldwide. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies on seabird-rat interactions to examine which seabird phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and life history characteristics affect their susceptibility to invasive rats and to identify which rat species have had the largest impact on seabird mortality. We examined 94 manuscripts that demonstrated rat effects on seabirds. All studies combined resulted in 115 independent rat-seabird interactions on 61 islands or island chains with 75 species of seabirds in 10 families affected. Seabirds in the family Hydrobatidae and other small, burrow-nesting seabirds were most affected by invasive rats. Laridae and other large, ground-nesting seabirds were the least vulnerable to rats. Of the 3 species of invasive rats, Rattus rattus had the largest mean impact on seabirds followed by R. norvegicus and R. exulans; nevertheless, these differences were not statistically significant. Our findings should help managers and conservation practitioners prioritize selection of islands for rat eradication based on seabird life history traits, develop testable hypotheses for seabird response to rat eradication, provide justification for rat eradication campaigns, and identify suitable levels of response and prevention measures to rat invasion. Assessment of the effects of rats on seabirds can be improved by data derived from additional experimental studies, with emphasis on understudied seabird families such as Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Spheniscidae, Fregatidae, Pelecanoididae, Phaethontidae, and Diomedeidae and evaluation of rat impacts in tropical regions.

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Catalysts maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers. Thanks to the cooperation of our reviewers, in 2020, the median time to first decision was 12 days and the median time to publication was 30 days. The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for their precious time and dedication, regardless of whether the papers were finally published. Abarbri, Mohamed Longo, Pasquale Abatzoglou, Nicolas Lónyi, Ferenc Abbriano, Raffaela Lopez, Francesco Abdel-Mageed, Ali Lopez, Gartzen Abdelraheem, Wael Lopez, Luís Angel Abdelwahed, Sameh López, Roberto Aboelazayem, Omar López-Aguado, Clara Abramov, Pavel A. López-Fonseca, Rubén Ábrányi-Balogh, Peter López-Gallego, Fernando Accardo, Grazia Lopez-Garzon, Rafael Adamek, Ewa Lopez-Ramon, Maria Victoria Adamski, Andrzej Łopusiewicz, Łukasz Adeagbo, Waheed A. Lorandi, Francesca Adegoke, Oluwasesan Lorenzi, Vannina Adewale, Peter Lorenzo Fernandez, David Aditya, Dharanipragada Lotina, Ana Serrano Adonin, Sergey A. Lott, Dieter Agostiano, Angela Lott, Patrick Aguey-Zinsou, Kondo-Francois Louie, Stacey Agustin, Dominique Lourenço, João Ahmed, Mohammad Boshir Lovell, Emma Akai, Shuji Lu, Jingzhi Akil, Suzanna Lu, Pengtao Akizuki, Makoto Lu, Qin Alazne, Gutierrez Lu, Xingxu Albano, Gianluigi Lu, Yubing Albero, Josep Luca, Oana Alberto, Vertova Lucarelli, Carlo Albetran, Hani Lucarini, Simone Albini, Angelo Luciani, Giuseppina Albiniak, Philip Ludwig, Roland Alcantara, Andres Lufrano, Francesco Alegria, Elisabete C.B.A. Luisetto, Igor Alejandro Martin, Serguei Lukk, Tiit Alessandro, Cecconello Luliński, Sergiusz Ali, Haider Luna Barron, Ana Laura Alina, Brzeczek-Szafran Luna, Carlos Al-Mamun, Mohammad Luna, Diego Al-Masum, Mohammad Lund, Henrik Almquist, Catherine Lundberg, Helena Alonso, Diego A. Lunney, James G Alsultan, Mohammed Luo, Fang Alt, Helmut Lutz, Martin Aluha, James Lykaki, Maria Álvarez, Joaquín Lynch, Will Álvarez, Manuel Ma, Tianyi Álvarez, María S. Macario, Anastasia Álvarez, Mayra G. Macherzyński, Bartłomiej Alvarez-Merino, Miguel Angel Maciá, Beatriz Álvarez-Rodríguez, Jesús Macone, Alberto Amadio, Emanuele Mączka, Wanda Amii, Hideki Madkikar, Pankaj Amutio Izaguirre, Maider Maeda, Nobutaka Ananikov, Valentine P. Maeno, Zen Ananth, Antony Mafu, Sibongile Ananthakrishnan, Soundaram Jeevarathinam Magnacca, Giuliana Andreoli, Enrico Mahankali, Kiran Andrés, Eduardo Mahapatra, Mausumi Andres, Juan Mahmoud, Abdallah Gamal Andresini, Michael Mahy, Jean-Pierre Aneggi, Eleonora Mahy, Julien G. Angelici, Gaetano Mai, Takashima Angelici, Robert J. Maier, Lubow Anouar, Alami Mais, Laura Ansón Casaos, Alejandro Majdan, Marek Antonatos, Nikolas Majerić-Elenkov, Maja Antoniadou, Maria Makarov, Mikhail Antoniotti, Sylvain Mäki-Arvela, Päivi Antonopoulou, Io Makoś, Patrycja Antonyshyn, Iryna Maksimchuk, Nataliya Anuganti, Murali Maksimov, Anton Lvovich Apaydin, Dogukan Maksym, Buryi Arčon, Iztok Malankowska, Anna Arena, Francesco Malara, Angela Argyle, Morris Maldonado Hodar, Francisco José Arkusz, Katarzyna Mamane, Victor Armada, M. Pilar García Manabe, Kei Arnold, Ulrich Manakhov, Anton Aronica, Laura Antonella Manca, Gabriele Arora, Amandeep Mancheño, José Arregi, Aitor Manco, Giuseppe Arshad, Adeel Mancuso, Raffaella Arvapally, Ravi K. Mandić, Vilko Ashok Kumar, Meiyazhagan Mandrich, Luigi Aslanzadeh, Samira Maneiro, Marcelino Atabaev, Timur Maniecki, Tomasz Atchudan, Raji Mankey, Gary Atia, Hanan Mansouri, Ali Atla, Veerendra Manthina, Venkata Augustyniak, Adam Manzhos, Sergei Averin, Alexei D. Marchese, Marco Avgouropoulos, George Marchionni, Andrea Aviziotis, Ioannis G. Marcu, Ioan Cezar Babu, Bathula Marek, Maciej Bacariza, Carmen Marek, Wróbel Bachiller-Baeza, Belén Margellou, Antigoni G. Badea, Mihaela Mariani, Alessandro Badoga, Sandeep Marichev, Kostiantyn Bae, Jong Wook Marinas, Alberto Baena, Francisco Manuel Marinelli, Fabio Bagdžiūnas, Gintautas Marinkovic, Nebojsa Bai, Lei Marino, Tiziana Baión, Esther Bailón Markowska-Szczupak, Agata Baiutti, Federico Marocco, Antonello Bajda, Tomasz Marques, Maria M.B. Baker, Robert Marriott, Robert A. Balcar, Hynek Marszalek, Marta Ball, Zachary T. Martí, Sergio Ballesté, Ruben Mas Martín, Antonio J. Banerjee, Abhinandan Martín, Beatriz De Rivas Banerjee, Anil Martin, Jessica Bansode, Atul Martinelli, Michela Bardestani, Raoof Martínez Arias, Arturo Barker, Philip J. Martinez Gonzalez, Jose Angel Baron, Marco Martinez, Agustin Bartczak, Piotr Martínez, Cristina Bartling, Stephan Martinez-Triguero, Joaquin Bartoli, Mattia Martínková, Ludmila Bartoňová, Lucie Martinkova, Marketa Baschieri, Andrea Martín-Martínez, Francisco J. Basha, Omar Martino, Marco Baskoutas, Sotirios Martins, Luísa Margarida Bassanini, Ivan Martins, Rui C. Bastida, Agatha Maruthamuthu, Murali Batista, Victor S. Mascaretti, Luca Batmunkh, Munkhbayar Massa, Antonio Batule, Bhagwan Sahebrao Massaro, Marina Baudys, Michal Mastanjević, Krešimir Bauer, Eike Mastrorilli, Piero Bautista, Luis Fernando Masullo, Mariorosario Bayraktar, Emin Matanovic, Ivana Bedia, Jorge Matějka, Vlastimil Begines Ruiz, Belén Mateo, Cesar Bejan, Iustinian Materer, Nicholas F. Bejerano, Eva Epelde Matheu, M. Isabel Bekmukhamedov, Giyjaz E. Mathews, Irimpan Belkova, Natalia V. Matios, Edward Bellardita, Marianna Matko, Vojko Beloqui, Ana Mátravölgyi, Béla Belskaya, Olga B. Matsubara, Kouki Benítez-Mateos, Ana I. Matsui, Daisuke Bento, Isabel Matsumoto, Yasuhiko Bentrup, Ursula Matsuo, Takashi Beranová, Klára Matthews, Peter Berardino, Santino Eugénio Di Mauriello, Francesco Beretta, Alessandra Mazierski, Paweł Bergbreiter, David Mazivila, Sarmento Berger, Rob Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka, Marta Berkó, András Mazzei, Rosalinda Bernardi, Luca McGinn, Paul J. Berríos, Cristhian Mechnich, Peter Bertani, Roberta Medici, Serenella Berteau, Olivier Medio-Simón, Mercedes Berteina-Raboin, Sabine Megía, Pedro J. Bertoncello, Paolo Mehta, Neha Bessergenev, Valentin G. Mei, Bastian Bhagia, Samarthya Meiyazhagan, Ashok Kumar Bhowmik, Pradip K. Melchionna, Michele Białowiec, Andrzej Mele, Giuseppe Bignozzi, Carlo Alberto Melinte, Violeta Bilin´ska, Lucyna Melo, André Bilyachenko, Alexey Meloni, Eugenio Bilyachenko, Alexey N. Memon, Faisal Ahmed Bimbela, Fernando Menegazzo, Federica Birch, Brian Menezes, Prashanth Birrell, James Meng, Xiangchao Bisoyi, Hari Krishna Meng, Xinghua Biswal, Bishnu Prasad Mengual, Jesús Bizon, Katarzyna Meninno, Sara Bizzarri, Bruno Mattia Mensah, Enoch A. Bizzarri, Claudia Merenda, Andrea Blanco Fernandez, Matias Mereshchenko, Andrey S. Blanco, Matías Merino-Garcia, Ivan Blanco, Rosa M. Merkler, David Błaszczyk, Jarosław Mesaros, Amalia Blay, Vincent Michalak, Michał Blekkan, Edd Anders Micheel, Mathias Bo, Zhenyu Micheletti, Gabriele Bobadilla, Luis F. Michorczyk, Piotr Bobb, Julian Miecznikowski, Krzysztof Bocci, Enrico Mikołajczyk, Tomasz Boccia, Antonella Caterina Milanesio, Marco Boga, Carla Milano, Francesco Bogacki, Jan Milicevic Sephton, Selena Bogdanovskaya, Vera Milton, Ross Bojarska, Joanna Minami, Yasunori Boland, Mike Mínguez Vega, Gladys Bolotov, Leonid Mingxia, Zhou Bon, Volodymyr Mintcheva, Neli Bonincontro, Danilo Miras, Haralampos N. Bonura, Guiuseppe Miroslaw, Barbara Bordes, Elisabeth Miseki, Yugo Bordet, Alexis Mishra, Nigam Borecki, Michal Mitran, Gheorghiţa Borfecchia, Elisa Mitrea, Laura Borgschulte, Andreas Mittelbach, Martin Born, Jens Mittova, Irina Ya Boronin, Andrei I. Miyake, Koji Borovinskaya, Ekaterina S. Miyamoto, Manabu Borowski, Marek Miyao, Toshihiro Boryski, Jerzy Mizielińska, Małgorzata Bossola, Filippo Mlynarczyk, Dariusz Bouquillon, Sandrine Moeini, Seyed Sepehr Boyarskiy, Vadim P. Mohabeer, Chetna Boyd, Gary Mohajernia, Shiva Bozdag, Murat Mohammadi, Fazel Bradu, Corina Mohammed, Iman Bramanti, Emilia Moissette, Alain Bressot, Christophe Molina, Carmen B. Breton, Gary W. Molinari, Nicola Brillard, Alain Möllmer, Jens Briones, Laura Monai, Matteo Broda, Magdalena Monbaliu, Jean-Christophe Brown, Alan B. Mondal, Mukulesh Brunklaus, Gunther Monfort, Olivier Bryja, Leszek Monge, David Bu, Lintao Montalvo-Rodríguez, Rafael Buchowicz, Włodzimierz Mooers, Blaine Budzelaar, Peter H. M. Morales, Gabriel Bueno-Alejo, Carlos Morales, Maria V. Bugaev, Aram Moreno, Inés Bujak, Maciej Moreno-Andrés, Javier Bujnicki, Bogdan Moreno-Gutiérrez, Juan Bukauskas, Virginijus Mori, Keiji Bukhtiyarova, Galina A. Mori, Wasuke Buonocore, Francesco Morikawa, Akira Bzducha-Wróbel, Anna Morita, Nobuyoshi Cabot, Pere L. Moritz, Michał Cadar, Oana Moriya, Makoto Cadierno, Victorio Morselli, Davide Caetano, Nídia Mosquera, Marta Cagnon, Benoît Mostoni, Silvia Calvete, Mario Motokura, Ken Calvino-Gámez, Jose Juan Motola, Martin Camarillo, Rafael Mott, Derrick M. Camino Gonzalez-Arellano, Maria Mourdikoudis, Stefanos Campagne, Jean-Marc Moyano, Albert Campbell, Michael Moyseowicz, Adam Campos-Martin, Jose M. Mrowiec-Białoń, Julita Canela-Garayoa, Ramon Mu, Ruipu Cannio, Maria Mück-Lichtenfeld, Christian Cano Luna, Manuel Mueser, Timothy Cantera, M Asun Muguruma, Hitoshi Cao, Jian Muhammad, Tahir Capacchione, Carmine Mukhametzyanov, Timur A. CAPELLI, SOFIA Mukherjee, Soumya Caporali, Maria Mullen, Charles Capron, Mickael Mundorff, Emily C. Carabineiro, Sónia Munirathinam, Rajesh Carbajo, Jaime Muñoz, Macarena Cardenas-Morcoso, Drialys Muñoz-Batista, Mario J. Cardoso, David Muramatsu, Hiroyuki Carja, Gabriela Murcia-López, Sebastián Carleer, Robert Murgolo, Sapia Carlucci, Claudia Murkin, Andrew Carreon, Maria L. Murmura, Maria Anna Carrilho, Rui M. B. Murphy, Cormac Carsanba, Erdem Murzin, Dmitry Carstens, Simon Muschiol, Jan Carucci, Cristina Musić, Svetozar Carvalho, Alexandra Teresa Pires Muziol, Tadeusz Casado, Miguel Mytareva, Alina I. Casampai, Antal Na, Dokyun Casas, José Antonio Nabae, Yuta Caseri, Walter Nabi, Saleh Casiello, Michele Nabil, Bouazizi Castellón, Enrique Rodríguez Nacci, Angelo Castñ

Isotopic discrimination against 13C during photosynthesis is determined by a combination of environmental conditions and physiological mechanisms that control delivery of CO₂ to RUBISCO. This study investigated the effects of light, flow, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration, and its speciation, on photosynthetic carbon assimilation of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) using a combination of laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations leading to a mechanistic understanding of environmental conditions that influence leaf carbon uptake and determine leaf stable carbon isotope signatures (δ 13C). Photosynthesis was saturated with respect to flow at low velocity (~ 3 cm s−1), but was strongly influenced by [DIC], and particularly aqueous CO₂ (CO2(aq)) under all flow conditions. The non-linear responses of light- and flow-saturated photosynthesis to [DIC] were used to quantify the maximum physiological capacity for photosynthesis, and to determine the degree of photosynthetic carbon limitation for light-saturated photosynthesis, which provided a mechanistic pathway for modeling regulation of carbon uptake and 13C discrimination. Model predictions of δ 13C spanned the typical range of values reported for a variety of seagrass taxa, and were most sensitive to [DIC] (predominantly [CO2(aq)]) and flow, but less sensitive to DIC source [CO2(aq) vs. HCO−1₃]. These results provide a predictive understanding of the role of key environmental parameters (light, flow, and DIC availability) can have in driving δ 13C of seagrasses, which will become increasingly important for predicting the response of these ecosystem engineers to local processes that affect light availability and flow, as well as global impacts of climate warming and ocean acidification in the Anthropocene.