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Secrets of the sea
Traveling from the rock pools of the shoreline to the deepest depths of the ocean, a blending of illustrations and facts about marine animals provides an introduction to some of the ocean's rarely seen creatures.
BOOK
The Biological and Chemical Diversity of Tetramic Acid Compounds from Marine-Derived Microorganisms
Tetramic acid (pyrrolidine-2,4-dione) compounds, isolated from a variety of marine and terrestrial organisms, have attracted considerable attention for their diverse, challenging structural complexity and promising bioactivities. In the past decade, marine-derived microorganisms have become great repositories of novel tetramic acids. Here, we discuss the biological activities of 277 tetramic acids of eight classifications (simple 3-acyl tetramic acids, 3-oligoenoyltetramic acids, 3-decalinoyltetramic acid, 3-spirotetramic acids, macrocyclic tetramic acids, N-acylated tetramic acids, α-cyclopiazonic acid-type tetramic acids, and other tetramic acids) from marine-derived microbes, including fungi, actinobacteria, bacteria, and cyanobacteria, as reported in 195 research studies up to 2019.
Journal Article
Quorum Sensing Inhibitors from Marine Microorganisms and Their Synthetic Derivatives
Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) present a promising alternative or potent adjuvants of conventional antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, since they could disrupt bacterial pathogenicity without imposing selective pressure involved in antibacterial treatments. This review covers a series of molecules showing quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity that are isolated from marine microorganisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and chemically synthesized based on QSIs derived from marine microorganisms. This is the first comprehensive overview of QSIs derived from marine microorganisms and their synthetic analogues with QS inhibitory activity.
Journal Article
Siderophores produced by marine microorganisms
Siderophores are iron-chelating, low-molecular-weight compounds secreted by microorganisms in iron-deficient environments that enhance iron uptake. When compared to the siderophores produced by terrestrial microorganisms, marine siderophores have been shown to have diverse structures and physiological functions. Fifty-seven strains of marine microorganisms have been identified as siderophore producers so far. Among them, 54 bacterial strains belong to 23 genera of 19 families in five phyla, and three fungal strains belong to three genera of three families in two phyla. The most common source of siderophores is seawater, which has a wide depth distribution. A total of 105 siderophores from marine microorganisms had been reported by 2024. These siderophores are mainly divided into five types depending on their functional groups and hydrophobicity: hydroxamates, catecholates, carboxylates, mixed, and other types. The most common marine siderophore is hydroxamate. The amphiphilicity of marine microbial siderophores distinguishes them from those produced by terrestrial microorganisms. This review discusses the recent findings in marine siderophore biology and highlights the potential of siderophores in medicine, fish disease control, bioremediation, and biosensors.
Journal Article
Cryptic Metabolites from Marine-Derived Microorganisms Using OSMAC and Epigenetic Approaches
This work was co-financed by the 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and by the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia (Project reference: FEDER-UCA18-105749), and by The International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR) within the framework of the scientific improvement actions contemplated in its Action Plan (Project reference: CEIJ-C06.1).
Journal Article
The marine nitrogen cycle: new developments and global change
The ocean is home to a diverse and metabolically versatile microbial community that performs the complex biochemical transformations that drive the nitrogen cycle, including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, nitrification and nitrogen loss processes. In this Review, we discuss the wealth of new ocean nitrogen cycle research in disciplines from metaproteomics to global biogeochemical modelling and in environments from productive estuaries to the abyssal deep sea. Influential recent discoveries include new microbial functional groups, novel metabolic pathways, original conceptual perspectives and ground-breaking analytical capabilities. These emerging research directions are already contributing to urgent efforts to address the primary challenge facing marine microbiologists today: the unprecedented onslaught of anthropogenic environmental change on marine ecosystems. Ocean warming, acidification, nutrient enrichment and seawater stratification have major effects on the microbial nitrogen cycle, but widespread ocean deoxygenation is perhaps the most consequential for the microorganisms involved in both aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen transformation pathways. In turn, these changes feed back to the global cycles of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. At a time when our species casts a lengthening shadow across all marine ecosystems, timely new advances offer us unique opportunities to understand and better predict human impacts on nitrogen biogeochemistry in the changing ocean of the Anthropocene.The ocean is home to a diverse and metabolically versatile microbial community that performs the complex biochemical transformations that drive the nitrogen cycle. In this Review, Hutchins and Capone explore the latest developments in our understanding of the role of microorganisms in the marine nitrogen cycle, including new taxa, pathways, methods and concepts. They also discuss opportunities to understand and better predict the effects of humans and global change.
Journal Article
Limits to gene flow in a cosmopolitan marine planktonic diatom
The role of geographic isolation in marine microbial speciation is hotly debated because of the high dispersal potential and large population sizes of planktonic microorganisms and the apparent lack of strong dispersal barriers in the open sea. Here, we show that gene flow between distant populations of the globally distributed, bloom-forming diatom species Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (clade I) is limited and follows a strong isolation by distance pattern. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis implies that under appropriate geographic and environmental circumstances, like the pronounced climatic changes in the Pleistocene, population structuring may lead to speciation and hence may play an important role in diversification of marine planktonic microorganisms. A better understanding of the factors that control population structuring is thus essential to reveal the role of allopatric speciation in marine microorganisms.
Journal Article
Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Xanthophyll Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium, Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 Strain, in Coastal Seawater
Xanthophylls, a yellow pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, have attracted much attention for industrial applications due to their versatile nature. We report the isolation of a homo xanthophyll pigment-producing marine bacterium, identified as the Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain, from coastal seawater. The isolated Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain can produce 263 ± 12.9 mg/L (89.7 ± 5.4 mg/g dry cell weight) of yellow xanthophyll pigment from 5 g/L of glucose. Moreover, the xanthophyll pigment produced by the SDW2 strain exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities, confirmed by the DPPH (73.4 ± 1.4%) and ABTS (84.9 ± 0.7%) assays. These results suggest that the yellow xanthophyll pigment-producing Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain could be a promising industrial microorganism for producing marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Journal Article
Occurrence of Aeromonas Species in the Cutaneous Mucus of Barbour’s Seahorses (Hippocampus barbouri) as Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing
Although several studies have described the bacterial community composition associated with marine fish, there is limited information related to seahorses. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that the skin microbiota is useful for determining health status and common disorders in the host. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the skin bacterial community composition in Barbour’s seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) using high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Water and sediment samples from the surrounding environment were also analyzed for comparative purposes. The results revealed that sequences affiliated with the Shewanellaceae family were dominant in the skin of female Barbour’s seahorses and sediment samples, whereas sequences affiliated with the Bacillaceae family were dominant in the skin of male Barbour’s seahorses. Interestingly, sequences affiliated with the Aeromonas genus were found in the skin of Barbour’s seahorses, whose abundance was slightly similar between the female and male specimens. Further comparative analysis showed that the presence of Aeromonas species in the skin of Barbour’s seahorses was strongly influenced by the surrounding sediment. Given that some Aeromonas species are known to be important pathogens in humans and fish, these results may be used for further research on the dependency of the skin microbial composition on the environment as well as determine whether the presence of Aeromonas and other detected species has implications on seahorse health.
Journal Article
Ecology of the plastisphere
The plastisphere, which comprises the microbial community on plastic debris, rivals that of the built environment in spanning multiple biomes on Earth. Although human-derived debris has been entering the ocean for thousands of years, microplastics now numerically dominate marine debris and are primarily colonized by microbial and other microscopic life. The realization that this novel substrate in the marine environment can facilitate microbial dispersal and affect all aquatic ecosystems has intensified interest in the microbial ecology and evolution of this biotope. Whether a ‘core’ plastisphere community exists that is specific to plastic is currently a topic of intense investigation. This Review provides an overview of the microbial ecology of the plastisphere in the context of its diversity and function, as well as suggesting areas for further research.Plastic debris in the marine environment provides a durable substrate that can be colonized by microorganisms and supports the growth of microbial biofilms. In this Review, Amaral-Zettler and colleagues explore the microbial ecology of the plastisphere in the context of its diversity and function, as well as suggesting areas for further research.
Journal Article