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This article investigates the concept of ‘othering’ in the context of the Markan Jesus’ Last Meal (Mk 14:12–26), examining how this pivotal event in the gospel contributes to the discourse on social constructs and identity formation in African societies. Meals hold significant cultural and social value in Africa, where they play a central role in community cohesion and identity definition. However, in diverse and complex societies, such as those found among South Africa’s black Indigenous groupings, meals also bring to the fore issues of identity and belonging, often complicated by the dynamics of othering. The Markan narrative, with its depiction of Jesus’ Last Supper, offers a profound lens through which to interrogate these issues. By analysing the Last Meal in Mark 14, this article explores how this event speaks to the challenges of identity formation and social cohesion in contemporary South African contexts in which divisions, discrimination, social unrest and instability are prevalent. It argues that the Last Meal understood through the framework of othering provides critical insights into the potential of communal meals to either reinforce divisions or foster reconciliation and unity in fractured societies, such as South African communities.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implicationsThe concept of ‘othering’ refers to the process by which individuals or groups are categorised as fundamentally different from and often inferior to the dominant group. This process is central to the construction of social identities and the maintenance of power dynamics within societies.

The Advent Lyrics, a group of Old English religious antiphons (formerly called Christ I) dating from about the 9th century, are presented in this edition as an independent group of poems disengaged, for the first time, from Cynewulf's Christ. Professor Campbell’s study focuses on the significance of the antiphons as lyrics rather than as philological documents. The book includes a full critical introduction, a new text and modern English translation (on facing pages), critical notes, and a glossary.Originally published in 1959.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Most interpretations of the Temple and Torah in the Gospel of Mark have held a negative view toward the Jewish institutions, declaring that the old has been replaced by the new, meaning Jesus is the new Temple and the Church has replaced the Jewish people. This article presents a post-supersessionist reading of the Temple and Torah in Mark’s Gospel, focusing on the Parable of the Vineyard (Mk 12:1–12) in the broader narrative context (11:1—13:1) and the canonical narrative, thereby maintaining the Gospel’s connection with the Jewish people and their covenant relationship with God. These two contexts frame the parable and set parameters for its interpretation, thereby preventing anti-Torah and anti-Temple interpretations and the theological belief that Christians are Abraham’s true and rightful heirs.

The well-known passage Mark 4:1–34 is no stranger to New Testament scientific scrutiny, not to even mention the hotly debated phrases in Mark 4:10–12. To avoid repetition, the aim with this article is to determine the extent of the impact the Isaiah 6:9–10 citation in Mark 4:12 might have had on the interpretation and understanding of Mark 4:1–34 and the Gospel as a whole. The theory is that the citation in Mark 4:12, especially within Mark 4:1–34, is foundational for understanding the Markan gospel as a ‘parable’. Moreover, the redactional inclusion of the concept of ‘the Twelve’ will prove to be a vital contribution in understanding the Markan gospel as a ‘parable’. Arguing this theory will include evaluating the parable theory in Mark 4:10–12, followed by determining the interpretative effect the explicit citation in Mark 4:12 had on Mark 4:10–12 and its larger literary context (Mk. 4:1–34). This will be followed by concluding remarks and suggestions.Keywords: Parable theory; Mark 4:12; Isaiah 6:9-10; The Twelve; Mark 4:1-34;

Reports that Donald Rumsfeld wants to discuss requesting supplemental defense budget at National Security Council Defense Review Panel meeting.

Examines force requirements and objectives of U.S. strategic nuclear forces, survivability concerns, Soviet civil defense capability, U.S. targeting policy, weapons improvement, alternate deployment concepts, and modernization recommendations.

Chronicles technological developments leading to use of multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles on Minuteman Missiles and political implications of MIRV systems.

Discusses military requirements and technological advances that resulted in deployment of Multiple Reentry Vehicles (MRVs) and Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs)

A cycle is the simplest structure that brings redundant paths in network connectivity and feedback effects in network dynamics. An in-depth understanding of which cycles are important and what role they play on network structure and dynamics, however, is still lacking. In this paper, we define the cycle number matrix, a matrix enclosing the information about cycles in a network, and the cycle ratio, an index that quantifies node importance. Experiments on real networks suggest that cycle ratio contains rich information in addition to well-known benchmark indices. For example, node rankings by cycle ratio are largely different from rankings by degree, H-index, and coreness, which are very similar indices. Numerical experiments on identifying vital nodes for network connectivity and synchronization and maximizing the early reach of spreading show that the cycle ratio performs overall better than other benchmarks. Finally, we highlight a significant difference between the distribution of shorter cycles in real and model networks. We believe our in-depth analyses on cycle structure may yield insights, metrics, models, and algorithms for network science. Characterising the structure of real-world complex networks is of crucial importance to understand the emerging dynamics taking place on top of them. In this work the authors investigate the cycle organization of synthetic and real systems, and use such information to define a centrality measure that is more informative than traditional indexes to the end of understanding network dismantling, synchronization, and spreading processes