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Between Crown and Commerce examines the relationship between French royal statecraft, mercantilism, and civic republicanism in the context of the globalizing economy of the early modern Mediterranean world. This is the story of how the French Crown and local institutions accommodated one another as they sought to forge acceptable political and commercial relationships with one another for the common goal of economic prosperity. Junko Thérèse Takeda tells this tale through the particular experience of Marseille, a port the monarchy saw as key to commercial expansion in the Mediterranean.At first, Marseille’s commercial and political elites were strongly opposed to the Crown’s encroaching influence. Rather than dismiss their concerns, the monarchy cleverly co-opted their civic traditions, practices, and institutions to convince the city’s elite of their important role in Levantine commerce. Chief among such traditions were local ideas of citizenship and civic virtue. As the city’s stature throughout the Mediterranean grew, however, so too did the dangers of commercial expansion as exemplified by the arrival of the bubonic plague. Marseille’s citizens reevaluated citizenship and merchant virtue during the epidemic, while the French monarchy's use of the crisis as an opportunity to further extend its power reanimated republican vocabulary.Between Crown and Commerce deftly combines a political and intellectual history of state-building, mercantilism, and republicanism with a cultural history of medical crisis. In doing so, the book highlights the conjoined history of broad transnational processes and local political change.

In Police and Politics in Marseille, 1936-1945 Simon Kitson challenges assumptions about the attitude and behaviour of the French Police and its role with regard to Resistance, Collaboration, the Holocaust and the forced labour draft during the Second World War.

InNative to the Republic, Minayo Nasiali traces the process through which expectations about living standards and decent housing came to be understood as social rights in late twentieth-century France. These ideas evolved through everyday negotiations between ordinary people, municipal authorities, central state bureaucrats, elected officials, and social scientists in postwar Marseille. Nasiali shows how these local-level interactions fundamentally informed evolving ideas about French citizenship and the built environment, namely that the institutionalization of social citizenship also created new spaces for exclusion. Although everyone deserved social rights, some were supposedly more deserving than others. From the 1940s through the early 1990s, metropolitan discussions about the potential for town planning to transform everyday life were shaped by colonial and, later, postcolonial migration within the changing empire. As a port and the historical gateway to and from the colonies, Marseille's interrelated projects to develop welfare institutions and manage urban space make it a particularly significant site for exploring this uneven process. Neighborhood debates about the meaning and goals of modernization contributed to normative understandings about which residents deserved access to expanding social rights. Nasiali argues that assumptions about racial, social, and spatial differences profoundly structured a differential system of housing in postwar France.Native to the Republichighlights the value of new approaches to studying empire, membership in the nation, and the welfare state by showing how social citizenship was not simply constituted within \"imagined communities\" but also through practices involving the contestation of spaces and the enjoyment of rights.

Susan Zuccotti narrates the life and work of Père Marie-Benoît, a courageous French Capuchin priest who risked everything to hide Jews in France and Italy during the Holocaust. Who was this extraordinary priest and how did he become adept at hiding Jews, providing them with false papers, and helping them to elude their persecutors? From monasteries first in Marseille and later in Rome, Père Marie-Benoît worked with Jewish co-conspirators to build remarkably effective Jewish-Christian rescue networks. Acting independently without Vatican support but with help from some priests, nuns, and local citizens, he and his friends persisted in their clandestine work until the Allies liberated Rome. After the conflict, Père Marie-Benoît maintained his wartime Jewish friendships and devoted the rest of his life to Jewish Christian reconciliation. Papal officials viewed both activities unfavorably until after the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), 1962-1965. To tell this remarkable tale, in addition to her research in French and Italian archives, Zuccotti personally interviewed Père Marie-Benoît, his family, Jewish rescuers with whom he worked, and survivors who owed their lives to his network.

Brest and Marseille tide gauges time series between 1885 and 2022 data gaps are filled with data from neighboring tide gauges thanks to a combination model that does not alter original trends. Continuous relative sea level time series obtained from this step are then corrected from the inverse barometer effect and/or periodic components. Time series are systematically explored to form all possible sub-time series, from 20 years length to the full time span, and adjusted with linear and quadratic fits. It is shown that corrections have various effect on parameters best estimates, depending on the chosen period, and that they reduce uncertainties on estimated parameters; corrections schemes comparison and correlation with climate indices suggest the influence of the Northern Atlantic Oscillation on sea level trends and accelerations in both locations. It is shown that linear fit model have less capabilities to represent sea level variability than quadratic fit model. Quadratic fit model shows that Marseille sea level strongly dropped after WWII, with trend of almost 4 mm/yr before this large sea level decrease event, –2 mm/yr during the event, then 3 mm/yr during the recovery following this one, and than Brest sea level did not see such variability. It is shown that sea level extrapolation is consistent with IPCC projections only for interpolation period lengths around 60 years. On this basis, 20 cm additional sea level rise is expected until 2050, and level 50 cm will be reached before the end of 21st century in both Brest and Marseille.

We report a large-scale outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections encompassing 218 cases (0.8% of 26,449 patients tested) during 2023-2024 in Marseille, France. The bacterium is currently circulating and primarily affects children <15 years of age. High prevalence of co-infections warrants the use of a syndromic diagnostic strategy.

Plant transpiration is a crucial process in the water cycle, and its quantification is essential for understanding terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. While sap flow measurements offer a direct method for estimating individual tree transpiration, their effectiveness may be limited by the use of point sensors; species-specific calibration requirements; and baseline uncertainties, particularly the assumption of negligible nighttime flow, which may not always hold. Self-potential (SP), a passive geophysical method, holds potential for constraining transpiration rates, though many questions remain regarding the electrophysiological processes occurring within trees. In this study, we continuously measured tree SP and sap velocity on three tree species for 1 year in a Mediterranean climate. Using wavelet coherence analysis and variational mode decomposition, we explored the empirical relationship between tree SP and transpiration. Our analysis revealed strong coherence between SP and sap velocity at diurnal timescales, with coherence weakening and phase shifts increasing on days with higher water supply. We estimated electrokinetic coupling coefficients using a linear regression model between SP and sap velocity variations at the diurnal scale, resulting in values typically found in porous geological media. During dry seasons, the electrokinetic effect emerges as the primary contribution to tree SP, indicating its potential utility in assessing transpiration rates. Our results emphasize the need for improved electrode configurations and physiochemical modelling to elucidate tree SP in relation to transpiration.

L’Esplanade du J4, un ancien quai du port, figure aujourd’hui au centre des projets de réaménagement urbain, revitalisation culturelle et transformation économique de Marseille, qui exploitent l’identité méditerranéenne et européenne dans des objectifs stratégiques. L’auteur explore les expériences des anciens usagers du J4 qui dévoilent et confirment ces dernières années, les limites des terminologies employées sur et autour de cet espace. The J4 Esplanade, a former commercial shipping pier, is now located at the center of Marseille’s urban redevelopment, cultural revitalization and economic transformation projects. These projects leverage the concepts of Mediterranean and European identity for strategic purposes. The author explores the experiences of former J4 users, describing and confirming the limits of the terminologies employed on and around this space in recent years.

The interview with Daniel L. Smail traces his academic background and scholarly work as a medievalist, from Imaginary Cartographies (now translated into Italian as Cartografie immaginarie) to his recent projects on late medieval household inventories and documentary archaeology.

The tremendous majority of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data so far neglected intra-host genetic diversity. Here, we studied SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies based on data generated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of complete genomes. SARS-CoV-2 raw NGS data had been generated for nasopharyngeal samples collected between March 2020 and February 2021 by the Illumina technology on a MiSeq instrument, without prior PCR amplification. To analyze viral quasispecies, we designed and implemented an in-house Excel file (“QuasiS”) that can characterize intra-sample nucleotide diversity along the genomes using data of the mapping of NGS reads. We compared intra-sample genetic diversity and global genetic diversity available from Nextstrain. Hierarchical clustering of all samples based on the intra-sample genetic diversity was performed and visualized with the Morpheus web application. NGS mapping data from 110 SARS-CoV-2-positive respiratory samples characterized by a mean depth of 169 NGS reads/nucleotide position and for which consensus genomes that had been obtained were classified into 15 viral lineages were analyzed. Mean intra-sample nucleotide diversity was 0.21 ± 0.65%, and 5357 positions (17.9%) exhibited significant (>4%) diversity, in ≥2 genomes for 1730 (5.8%) of them. ORF10, spike, and N genes had the highest number of positions exhibiting diversity (0.56%, 0.34%, and 0.24%, respectively). Nine hot spots of intra-sample diversity were identified in the SARS-CoV-2 NSP6, NSP12, ORF8, and N genes. Hierarchical clustering delineated a set of six genomes of different lineages characterized by 920 positions exhibiting intra-sample diversity. In addition, 118 nucleotide positions (0.4%) exhibited diversity at both intra- and inter-patient levels. Overall, the present study illustrates that the SARS-CoV-2 consensus genome sequences are only an incomplete and imperfect representation of the entire viral population infecting a patient, and that quasispecies analysis may allow deciphering more accurately the viral evolutionary pathways.