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The transition : interpreting justice from Thurgood Marshall to Clarence Thomas
Every Supreme Court transition presents an opportunity for a shift in the balance of the third branch of American government, but the replacement of Thurgood Marshall with Clarence Thomas in 1991 proved particularly momentous. Not only did it shift the ideological balance on the Court; it was inextricably entangled with the persistent American dilemma of race. In The Transition, this most significant transition is explored through the lives and writings of the first two African American justices on Court, touching on the lasting consequences for understandings of American citizenship as well as the central currents of Black political thought over the past century.
In their lives, Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas experienced the challenge of living and learning in a world that had enslaved their relatives and that continued to subjugate members of their racial group. On the Court, their judicial writings—often in concurrences or dissents—richly illustrate the ways in which these two individuals embodied these crucial American (and African American) debates—on the balance between state and federal authority, on the government's responsibility to protect its citizens against discrimination, and on the best strategies for pursuing justice. The gap between Justices Marshall and Thomas on these questions cannot be overstated, and it reveals an extraordinary range of thought that has yet to be fully appreciated.
The 1991 transition from Justice Marshall to Justice Thomas has had consequences that are still unfolding at the Court and in society. Arguing that the importance of this transition has been obscured by the relegation of these Justices to the sidelines of Supreme Court history, Daniel Kiel shows that it is their unique perspective as Black justices – the lives they have lived as African Americans and the rooting of their judicial philosophies in the relationship of government to African Americans – that makes this succession echo across generations.
eBook
Exporting American Dreams
In Exporting American Dreams, Mary Dudziak recounts with poignancy and power the untold story of Thurgood Marshall's journey to Africa. His experience in Keyna was emotional as well as intellectual, and during it he developed ties of friendship with, among others, Tom Mboya and Jomo Kenyatta. Marshall served as advisor to the Kenyans, who needed to demonstrate to both Great Britain and to the world that they would treat minority races (whites and Asians) fairly once Africans took power. He crafted a bill of rights, aiding constitutional negotiations that enabled peaceful regime change, rather than violent resistance. Kenya's first attempt at democracy faltered, but Marshall's African journey remained a cherished memory of a time and a place when all things seemed possible.
eBook
Thurgood Marshall
\"Simple text and photographs present the life of Thurgood Marshall\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Thurgood Marshall
An introduction to the life of the first African American man to be appointed an associate justice of the highest court of law in the U.S.
Book
Inheritance of hope
Eight years from the time this picture was taken, Johnnie Mae's mother, Mary Ollie Willis, would succumb to that century's pandemic - the 1918 flu.8 Three years later, Johnnie Mae's father, Samuel Williamson, moved the family to Chicago and continued his work for the United States Postal Service.9 The dignified bearing of those in this family photograph underscores an amazing transformation just after the Civil War. Texas was plagued with more than 600 lynch-ings between 1882 and 1942.15 African Americans' travel, housing, and commercial activity were severely limited by race-based restrictions, Jim Crow laws, and barriers to suffrage. Born in Virginia in 1818, Shedrick Willis was likely acquired by the Battle family in Monroe County, Georgia.20 Nicholas Battle brought him to Waco in 1850.21 At the time of his death, the Dallas Morning News described Willis as \"the pioneer blacksmith of his race in Central Texas. \"22 The article described how Willis, in 1859, was conscripted to shoe Governor Sam Houston's steed.23 This is the same Sam Houston, president of the Republic of Texas, whose family bible I used to swear in governors and judges when I served as chief justice of Texas.24 In another twist of fate, Houston's great-great-great-granddaughter, Marcy Hogan Greer, is my law partner today25 Judge Battle was an interesting historical figure in his own right.
Journal Article