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"Marshall Plan"
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Reconsidering Development Aid: A Systemic Analysis
In the political and academic debates on development aid in the post-Cold War years, there is often reference to a “new aid architecture.” This study explores what is new about this “new architecture of aid” and traces change and continuity by comparing the form and essence of aid architecture in the Cold War and the post-Cold War years. It discusses to what extent development aid can be interrogated within the inter-systemic competition during the Cold War period. After having located aid into a systemic framework, it seeks to understand the emergence of the “new aid architecture” in the post-Cold War years. To this end, it first analyses the relevance of aid to the hegemonic project that pursues the proletarianization of the world's poor. It then focuses on aid's role in transforming social and industrial relations to promote capitalist competitiveness at the global level. In this respect, it pays particular attention to “global value chains.” This study argues that “new aid architecture” is nothing more than an attempt to set a new framework for the role and contribution of aid in expanding and deepening the hegemony of capital over labor on a global scale in the absence of the Soviet factor.
Journal Article
El “Plan Marshall” del gobierno colombiano
Colombia necesita un plan económico para reconstruir la industria y avanzar en su reestructuración productiva. Pero no será un Plan Marshall, porque los países desarrollados solo quieren que economías como la nuestra, continúen subordinadas a sus intereses.
Journal Article
The OEEC and NATO Secretariats in the Early 1950s. Convergence and Divergence around Economic Co-operation and Rearmament
At the beginning of the 1950s, two Atlantic institutions, the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), converged and nearly merged over the issues of economic co-operation and rearmament. This article seeks to explore this process ›inside-out‹, from the perspective of the international officials and diplomats who executed it. It demonstrates how the OEEC Secretariat, under the leadership of Secretary-General Robert Marjolin, managed to prevent the organisation from being absorbed by the military alliance; and, in turn, infused the NATO Secretariat with its bureaucratic procedures and economic competences.
Journal Article
Essentials. Government & civics. The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan allocated $135 billion in today's dollars to help rebuild European economies after World War II and counter the threat of communism.
Streaming Video
The Cold War
Note This article is a reproduction of the keynote address by Harlan Cleveland at the William G. McGowan Theatre on October 21, 2006 in the National Archives and Record Administration available at https.7/www.archives.gov/research/foreign-policy/cold-war/ symposium/cleveland.html I am not a historian, so don't look for dispassionate recording of the Cold War in what follows. Cold War and Common Sense, he called it-and indeed his book is not only readable history but full of common sense, about matters which were most uncommon and often nonsensical. The great confrontation we came to call the Cold War had quite suddenly become the next stage of world history. The Marshall speech was not in itself a cold war maneuver. Precisely because it wasn't a cold war move, it turned out to be a key to the cold war's outcome.
Journal Article
The Marshall Plan and the Shaping of American Strategy
How the United States helped restore a Europe battered by World War II and created the foundation for the postwar international order Seventy years ago, in the wake of World War II, the United States did something almost unprecedented in world history: It launched and paid for an economic aid plan to restore a continent reeling from war. The European Recovery Plan—better known as the Marshall Plan, after chief advocate Secretary of State George C. Marshall—was in part an act of charity but primarily an act of self-interest, intended to prevent postwar Western Europe from succumbing to communism. By speeding the recovery of Europe and establishing the basis for NATO and diplomatic alliances that endure to this day, it became one of the most successful U.S. government programs ever. The Brookings Institution played an important role in the adoption of the Marshall Plan. At the request of Arthur Vandenberg, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Brookings scholars analyzed the plan, including the specifics of how it could be implemented. Their report gave Vandenberg the information he needed to shepherd the plan through a Republican-dominated Congress in a presidential election year. In his foreword to this book, Brookings president Strobe Talbott reviews the global context in which the Truman administration pushed the Marshall Plan through Congress, as well as Brookings' role in that process. The book includes Marshall's landmark speech at Harvard University in June 1947 laying out the rationale for the European aid program, the full text of the report from Brookings analyzing the plan, and the lecture Marshall gave upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953. The book concludes with an essay by Bruce Jones and Will Moreland that demonstrates how the Marshall Plan helped shape the entire postwar era and how today's leaders can learn from the plan's challenges and successes.
eBook
A comparative study of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Marshall plan
Since the introduction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, both the mainstream media and professional analysts began to name the Initiative “China’s Marshall Plan”. While the rhetoric may simply be an eye-catching term constructed in journalist and consultancy circles, this paper examines the background and purposes behind these two grand projects in order to shed light on the similarities and the differences of their effects on the world order. By comparing the projects under five different aspects—boosting exports, exporting currency, countering a rival, fostering strategic divisions, and siphoning away diplomatic support—this paper argues that while the two projects may have similarities and aim to respond to the malfunctioning world order through macro political-economic investments and developmental aid, their outcomes (given the relative differences of the global position of rivalries—USSR in Marshall Plan; US in BRI) and the changing economic structures, could be very different. As a result, this paper concludes that it may be too early to suggest that the BRI could bring similar outcomes as the Marshall Plan, especially in competing for the global leadership in the 21st century.
Journal Article
Where the \Marshall Plan\ Became the Organization for European Economic Cooperation
[...]in 1959, the U.S., Germany, Great Britain, and France announced that it was time for European countries to help less developed countries, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development replaced the OEEC. The American law firm Jones Day, which leases part of the building and contributed to the building's restoration, and the Department of State remain the custodians of this unique example of joint French and American cultural heritage. Domestic positions with the Department of State included Diplomat-in-Residence at Duke University in North Carolina, Acting Office Director of Public Diplomacy in the European Bureau, and Chief of the Central Asia Division of the Voice of America, where she directed the Pashto, Dari, Farsi, Uzbek, Azeri, and Turkish language services.
Journal Article