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"Marshals France Biography."
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Foch in command : the forging of a First World War general
\"Ferdinand Foch ended the First World War as marshal of France and supreme commander of the Allied armies on the Western Front. Foch in command is a pioneering study of his contribution to the Allied victory. Elizabeth Greenhalgh uses contemporary notebooks, letters, and documents from previously under-studied archives to chart how the artillery officer, who had never commanded troops in battle when the war began, learned to fight the enemy, to cope with difficult colleagues and allies, and to manoeuvre through the political minefield of civil-military relations. She offers valuable insights into neglected questions: the contribution of unified command to the Allied victory; the role of a commander's general staff; and the mechanisms of command at corps and army level. She demonstrates how an energetic Foch developed war-winning strategies for a modern industrial war and how political realities contributed to his losing the peace\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Hidden Hands and Cross-Purposes: Austria and the Irreconcilable Conflict between Neutrality and Market Laws
Austria emerged in 1955 from a ten-year occupation administered by the four major powers of the successful anti-Third Reich coalition of World War II—France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—as a united, independent state. The 15 May 1955 State Treaty signed by these countries and Austria spared Austria the fate of Cold War division suffered by Austria's neighbor to the north (in the ultimate East-West breakdown of Germany's parallel postwar quadripartite occupation). Paving the way for Austria's good fortune was a political quid pro quo agreed between Austrian leaders and their Soviet counterparts in Moscow the previous April. In the 15 April 1955 Moscow Memorandum, Austria consented to becoming a permanently neutral state modeled on Switzerland. This neutrality precluded a possible Austrian membership in NATO in exchange for a long-delayed Soviet assent to an end of Austria's occupation regime with a concomitant abandonment of the Soviet occupation zone and the withdrawal of all occupation troops. After the completion of this withdrawal, a fully sovereign Austria made good on its pledge with the passage on 26 October 1955 of a constitutional law declaring Austria to be “permanently neutral” and foreswearing all military alliances.
Journal Article
A FRENCH MARSHAL IN MOROCCO
One of the best ways to understand French colonial history is to describe the career of one of the greatest French colonial administrators, Marshal Lyautey, France's first Resident General of Morocco.
Magazine Article
The lady, the actress and the rebel
By anyone's standards, the 18th Century actress Charlotte Deans was a remarkable woman.Now, 200 years after she roamed the North, a play in honour of her life is being staged in the communities where she performed. Women's Editor SARAH FOSTER reportsTHE woman standing on the stage is very young and very headstrong. It isn't far into the play when there's a heated conversation - she says she's fallen for an actor, her father rails about the scandal. The woman bravely stands her ground: she may be only 17, but she is certain of her mind. She means to marry her beloved, no matter what her father thinks. He casts her out, and so she joins the troupe of actors. It marks the start of what will be a quite extraordinary life.The play in question, Once a Lady, tells the tale of Charlotte Deans. Though long forgotten, she once performed throughout the North, a well- known actress of her day. She lived in fascinating times - the French Revolution was under way, and all of Europe, including England, felt its impact. As many artists thought it just, to be on stage was deemed rebellious, and Charlotte trod a risky path to ply her trade. Not just an actress of renown, she was a mother of 17, and though she struggled through her life, she lived to 90. It's no surprise that Maureen Lawrence was moved to use her for a play.\"In 1984, a reprint of a memoir she wrote herself which was published in 1838 came out again. So I read this story that was sent to me and I thought it was amazing, \" says the playwright, who lives in Ilkley, West Yorkshire. \"I thought it would make a really fantastic play.\"Yet things were not to be straightforward. The play was written - but only after 20 years. \"Nothing happened for a long time because, of course, it costs quite a lot of money to put a play on and the company of the colleague who originally sent it to me lost its grant under Thatcher, \" says Maureen archly.\"I put it on a shelf and thought no more about it until I was talking in Shap (near Penrith) about another play I wrote and I alluded to the fact that 200 years ago, this actress called Charlotte Deans had come to Shap.
Newspaper Article
