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"Martial Arts"
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Effects of Chinese Martial Arts on Motor Skills in Children between 5 and 6 Years of Age: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Children’s motor skills can be fully developed only by the appropriate stimulation of physical activities and the environment, and the poor development of motor skills greatly increases the risk of cognitive impairment, obesity, and movement coordination disorder. This study aimed to examine the effects of Chinese martial arts on the motor skills of preschool children aged 5–6 years through a randomized controlled trial. A total of 87 children aged 5–6 years served as participants in a martial arts sensory teaching group (MAST, n = 29), a martial arts traditional teaching group (MATT, n = 29), and a free activity group (FA, n = 29). The interventions were conducted twice weekly for a total of 10 weeks, with each session lasting 30 min. Children’s motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2). The results indicated that the balance index scores in the MAST (p < 0.001) and MATT (p = 0.014) groups were significantly higher than those in the FA and that the MAST score was significantly higher than the MATT (p = 0.004). Meanwhile, the MAST was significantly higher in total scores on motor skills when compared to the FA (p = 0.039), and the MAST showed significantly higher scores on manual dexterity when compared to both the MATT (p = 0.021) and FA (p = 0.011). Chinese martial arts can significantly improve the balance ability of preschool children, and the MAST method was found to be better than that of the MATT. Meanwhile, the MAST had good potential for the development of preschool children’s manual dexterity and their overall level of motor skills.
Journal Article
Chinese Martial Arts Cinema
This is the first comprehensive, fully-researched account of the historical and contemporary development of the traditional martial arts genre in the Chinese cinema known aswuxia(literal translation: martial chivalry) - a genre which audiences around the world became familiar with through the phenomenal 'crossover' hitCrouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon(2000). The book unveils rich layers of thewuxia traditionas it developed in the early Shanghai cinema in the late 1920s, and from the 1950s onwards, in the Hong Kong and Taiwan film industries.
Key attractions of the book are analyses of:
The history of the tradition as it began in the Shanghai cinema, its rise and popularity as a serialized form in the silent cinema of the late 1920s, and its eventual prohibition by the government in 1931.The fantastic characteristics of the genre, their relationship with folklore, myth and religion, and their similarities and differences with the kung fu sub-genre of martial arts cinema.The protagonists and heroes of the genre, in particular the figure of the female knight-errant.The chief personalities and masterpieces of the genre - directors such as King Hu, Chu Yuan, Zhang Che, Ang Lee, Zhang Yimou, and films such asCome Drink With Me(1966),The One-Armed Swordsman(1967),A Touch of Zen(1970-71),Hero(2002),House of Flying Daggers(2004), andCurse of the Golden Flower(2006).
eBook
Indonesian martial artists’ preferences in martial arts schools: Sustaining business competitiveness through conjoint analysis
The popularity of martial arts in the present times has become apparent, therefore, it is necessary to explore martial artists’ preferences and the schools’ competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to assess martial artists’ preferences concerning the services offered by martial arts schools. Conjoint analysis was utilized to analyze the responses of fifty-five (55) martial artists based on the seven (7) martial arts schools’ attributes. The results showed that the type of martial arts was found to be the most important attribute (30.449%) followed by distance (27.970%), price range (22.706%), social environment (11.097%), class preference (5.080%), goal (1.562%), and schedule (1.135%). Furthermore, Muay Thai or Kickboxing was the most preferred martial art, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) was the second priority, next was Taekwondo, then Karate, and finally Boxing. In addition, the martial artists’ preferred distance was less than 8 km, and a monthly training cost of 150,000 to 450,000 IDR (10 to 20 USD). Martial artists liked attending open classes, treated martial arts as a hobby, and favored attending classes once or twice weekly. With the lack of conjoint-related studies in the martial arts industry, the findings contributed to academicians and addressed issues of inadequate studies. Most importantly, the researchers presented managerial implications to leverage marketing techniques and develop the business operations of martial arts schools.
Journal Article
The effects of an 8-week Taekwondo exercise intervention on inhibitory control in university students with depressive symptoms demonstrated the following—evidence from behavior and ERPs
Background
In university students with depressive symptoms, inhibitory control dysfunctions strongly contribute to functional impairments, yet they are not adequately addressed in current therapies. This study aims to investigate the intervention effect of an 8-week Taekwondo exercise program on inhibitory control in individuals with depressive symptoms.
Methods
A total of 41 university students with depressive symptoms were randomly divided into a Taekwondo group and a control group. The Taekwondo group participated in an 8-week intervention. Behavioral and ERP measures were collected before and after the intervention during a response inhibition task.
Results
1.The 8-week Taekwondo exercise intervention significantly improved depressive symptoms in the exercise group (
P
< 0.05), while depressive symptoms in the control group worsened, although the difference was not statistically significant;2.The results from the behavioral task showed a statistically significant difference in accuracy between the Taekwondo group and the control group in the Go condition during the post-test stage
(P
< 0.05). In the Nogo condition, there was also a significant difference in accuracy between the two groups
(P
< 0.05). Notably, only the Taekwondo group exhibited a significant improvement in Nogo condition accuracy from pre-test to post-test (
P
< 0.001);3.The event-related potential (ERP) results revealed a significant time × group interaction effect for N2 amplitude, F(1, 39) = 4.821,
P
= 0.034, ƞ
p
2
=0.110. Additionally, there was a significant condition × electrode interaction effect, F(3, 117) = 18.368,
P
< 0.001, ƞ
p
2
= 0.320. For N2 latency, the time × group interaction effect was significant, F(1, 39) = 13.028,
P
< 0.001, ƞ
p
2
=0.250, and a significant time × condition × electrode interaction effect was also observed, F(3, 117) = 3.199,
P
= 0.026, ƞ
p
2
= 0.076.
Conclusion
Regular moderate-intensity Taekwondo exercise can effectively improve response inhibition in university students with depressive symptoms, along with improvements in depressive symptoms. The changes in N2 amplitude and latency at the Fz, Cz, and Pz electrode sites under task conditions may represent the cognitive neural processing mechanism through which Taekwondo enhances response inhibition in students with depressive symptoms.
Journal Article
Low-dose caffeine enhances cognitive processing but not physical performance in fatigued taekwondo athletes: a randomized crossover trial
Caffeine is commonly used to combat fatigue and enhance both cognitive and physical performance. However, its effects on neurophysiological responses and sport-specific performance following fatigue induction remain unclear, particularly in combat sports such as Taekwondo. This study investigated the effects of a 200 mg caffeine dose on physiological markers, electroencephalographic (EEG) brainwave activity, auditory P300 event-related potentials (ERPs), and Taekwondo-specific performance following combined mental and physical fatigue.
Thirteen male Taekwondo athletes participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with caffeine (CAF) and placebo (PLA) conditions. Measurements were taken at baseline (pre-supplementation), 30 minutes post-supplementation (post-Sup), and after fatigue induction (post-I). Physiological parameters (heart rate, blood glucose, blood lactate, and ratings of perceived exertion), EEG brainwave activity during resting eyes-open conditions, auditory P300 ERPs, and Taekwondo-specific agility (TSAT) were assessed at all time points.
Caffeine significantly reduced delta wave power at frontal and parieto-occipital sites at post-Sup (
< 0.05), indicating decreased cortical drowsiness; however, this effect was not sustained at post-I (
> 0.05). P300 amplitude significantly increased in the CAF condition compared to PLA from post-Sup to post-I at the central and parietal electrode sites (
< 0.05), while P300 latency remained unchanged (
> 0.05). No significant differences were observed in reaction time, accuracy, or error rate in the auditory oddball task or TSAT performance across conditions (
> 0.05). Similarly, physiological parameters remained unchanged between groups (
> 0.05).
A single 200 mg dose of caffeine reduced central fatigue and enhanced cognitive processing, as reflected by suppressed delta wave activity at post-Sup and increased P300 amplitude at post-I. However, caffeine did not influence physiological responses or Taekwondo-specific performance. These findings suggest that low-dose caffeine primarily benefits cognitive function rather than physical performance in combat sports. Future studies should explore dose-response relationships and individual variability in caffeine metabolism to optimize its application in competitive settings.
Journal Article