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"Masculinity -- Philippines"
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Cutting cosmos : masculinity and spectacular events among the Bugkalot
\"For the first time in over 30 years, a new ethnographic study emerges on the Bugkalot tribe, more widely known as the Ilongot of the northern Philippines. Exploring the notion of masculinity among the Bugkalot, Cutting Cosmos is not only an experimental, anthropological study of the paradoxes around which Bugkalot society revolves, but also a reflection on anthropological theory and writing. Focusing on the transgressive acts through which masculinity is performed, this book explores the idea of the cosmic cut, the ritual act that enables the Bugkalot man to momentarily hold still the chaotic flows of his world\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Filipino Crosscurrents
Filipino Crosscurrents examines the cultural politics of seafaring, Filipino maritime masculinities, and globalization in the Philippines and the Filipino diaspora. Drawing on fieldwork conducted on ships and in the ports of Manila and Oakland, and on an industrial container ship on the Pacific, Kale Fajardo argues that the Philippine state and economic elites promote Filipino masculinity and neoliberal globalization through Filipino seamen.
eBook
Male Facial Appearance and Offspring Mortality in Two Traditional Societies
It has been hypothesised that facial traits such as masculinity and a healthy appearance may indicate heritable qualities in males (e.g. immunocompetence) and that, consequently, female preferences for such traits may function to increase offspring viability and health. However, the putative link between paternal facial features and offspring health has not previously been tested empirically in humans. Here we present data from two traditional societies with little or no access to modern medicine and family planning technologies. Data on offspring number and offspring survival were analysed for the Agta of the Philippines and the Maya of Belize, and archive facial photographs were assessed by observers for attractiveness and masculinity. While there was no association between attractiveness and offspring survival in either population, a quadratic relationship was observed between masculinity and offspring survival in both populations, such that intermediate levels of masculinity were associated with the lowest offspring mortality, with both high and low levels of masculinity being associated with increased mortality. Neither attractiveness nor masculinity were related to fertility (offspring number) in either population. We consider how these data may or may not reconcile with current theories of female preferences for masculinity in male faces and argue that further research and replication in other traditional societies should be a key priority for the field.
Journal Article
“A Real Man Cries”: A Scoping of Filipino Masculinities Construction in Tweets
Online content can be a rich source of information on current constructions of masculinities and much can be explored on the digital’s role in masculinities construction (Light, 2013). This study compares and contrasts our current literature on masculinities with empirical qualitative data – that is, Filipino tweets. To do this, I analyzed tweets containing the phrase “ang tunay na lalake” (the real man) and the hashtag “#angtunaynalalake”. Using qualitative content analysis, the following themes were generated: 1) Romance and Masculinities which highlights heteronormativity of romantic context and the concept of “more deserving real man” – a construct produced through networked masculinity and within the context of fandom and bigotry; 2) Masculine Capital – highlights how rites of passage, specifically circumcision, can be overshadowed by masculine capital to the point that failing to meet the required masculine capital would render one as ‘de-circumcised’; and lastly, 3) Online Resistance to Hegemonic Masculinity – shows the use of jokes, sarcasm, and confrontation in questioning hegemonic masculinity. The results show both concern and hope for gender advocacy.
Journal Article
Gender Representation in Philippine Television Advertisements
This study analyzed 254 unduplicated primetime Philippine television advertisements from 2010 for differences in gender representation. Two coders independently coded the entire sample and achieved an intercoder reliability of greater than .700 for each reported variable. The findings are based on chi-square analyses and indicate a high prevalence of gender differences and stereotypes in Philippine television advertisements. For example, more males were shown in the workplace (17.9 % vs. 7.4 %), whereas more females were shown at home (45.9 % vs. 24.5 %); males were generally fully clothed (88.7 % vs. 44.6 %), whereas females were often suggestively dressed (52.7 % vs. 6.6 %); more males than females delivered voiceovers (46.1 % vs. 35.0 %); and product categories were stereotypically associated with gender. The only exception to these traditional, stereotypical gender portrayals was the predominance of female primary characters in television advertisements (58.3 % vs. 41.7 %). Overall, such stereotypical portrayals do not accurately reflect Philippine society, which is considered to be one of the most egalitarian Asian societies with regard to gender. By analyzing Philippine television advertisements, this study intends to close a gap in the still under-researched area of gender representation in developing countries, which could provide a more complete picture of this topic from an international perspective. The similarities and differences between this research and previous studies on this topic in developing and developed countries are examined. The possible effects of such representation on audiences are discussed based on social cognitive theory and cultivation theory.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
The Intramuros of Anak Dalita, the Looban of Manila Noir
This article examines Lamberto Avellana’s Anak Dalita (LVN Pictures, 1956) as a crime melodrama that places Intramuros, Manila’s historic walled city, within the cinematic urban geography of film noir. It probes the film’s representation of the transformation of Intramuros from a colonial city of cathedrals and mansions to a post-war ruin associated with squatters and urban poverty. Situating Anak Dalita within the context of the reconfiguration of Manila’s urban space in the two decades that followed the Second World War, this essay interprets the film’s narrative about a disabled veteran’s quest to regain his self-worth in Intramuros as an allegory of post-war urban rehabilitation. The looban (meaning interior space, interiority and a gathering of wills) is proposed as a conceptual tool to critique Anak Dalita’s solutions to the squatter problem in Intramuros.
Journal Article
\WE'RE THERE AND QUEER\: Homonormative Mobility and Lived Experience among Gay Expatriates in Manila
This article offers an analysis of lived experiences of transnational mobility for gay-identified expatriates who reside in Manila, the Philippines. Drawing from in-depth interviewing and discourse analysis of eight cases, the author argues that homonormative mobility organizes gay men's travel, even as gay expatriates work to reimagine themselves through their travel and face destabilizing experiences in transnational spaces. The author offers a theorization of homonormative mobility to explain discourses of normative gender, race-nation, and desire in gay travel. Specifically, she argues that expatriates describe their mobility as (1) an escape from the heteronormative controls they face at home, (2) masculine access to freeing places in \"foreign\" playgrounds, (3) an act of homo-orientalist desire of Filipino men and spaces, (4) a desirable experience that builds their own self-confidence, and (5) troubling for their self-perceptions.
Journal Article
Men and Masculinities in Southeast Asia
This book brings together extensive recent innovative research on the study of men and masculinities in Southeast Asia. Drawing on rich ethnographic fieldwork from Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia and Timor-Leste, the book examines both dominant and marginal constructions of heterosexual masculinity and the ways in which these are performed in different localized contexts in insular and mainland Southeast Asia. Through the presentation of detailed ethnographic studies on topics ranging from the professional practices of Filipino merchant seafarers to the sex lives of Thai migrant workers to the stand-over tactics of Indonesian gangsters, the authors in this collection challenge the idea of emerging globalizing forms of masculinities. Where existing studies of gender in Asia tend to concentrate on women, East Asia and gay men, this book fills a significant gap and demonstrates, overall, how gender, ethnicity, class, sexuality and nationality shape contemporary understandings of what it means to be a 'man' in contemporary Southeast Asia.
eBook
TOXIC DEMOCRACY? THE PHILIPPINES IN 2018
Toxic is the Oxford English Dictionary's word of the year for 2018. It is a word that captures the mood of our time, evidenced by the 45 per cent spike in frequency of people who looked up the term. Used in tandem with the word masculinity, toxic has served as descriptor to emphasize the physical harm, emotional damage and lethal effects of patriarchal power.
Journal Article
Young Men in the Philippines: Mapping the Costs and Debts of Work, Marriage, and Family Life
Young adults in the Philippines face a demographic and economic situation that, when coupled with cultural expectations, compels many to consider entry into the global labor force as part and parcel of their obligation to improve their family's livelihood. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2006 and 2007 in Metro Manila and the province of Laguna, this study examines the partnership of an educational training center and a nongovernmental organization to provide services to young Filipinos transitioning to adulthood. Utilizing a cognitive map exercise given at an orientation seminar for young male migrants, the study charts their financial and family goals and traces not only the source of the intergenerational transfers of material and social assistance back to a set of cultural values but also reveals how their gendered behaviors and practices can effectively delay other markers of the transition to adulthood, such as courtship, marriage, and parenthood.
Journal Article