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Making masks
Learn to create your very own masks -- and then wear them! Make them out of ordinary household items such as felt, paper, cardboard, and Popsicle sticks. This book uses easy instructions and accessible text to teach readers how to make each mask, including a lion, rabbit, owl, and robot. Bright visuals showcase each step of the process to give readers a clear idea of their goals.
Book
SURGICAL MASK SELECTION
Perioperative personnel should match the barrier properties of the mask, which are stated on the product label, to the tasks and exposure level expected for each individual procedure.1 According to ASTM International, the ASTM barrier level listed on the product label describes the level of protection provided during use (Table 1).2 Perioperative personnel may use surgical masks with ASTM barrier levels 1, 2, or 3 during surgery; the higher the ASTM barrier level listed on the label, the more protective the mask will be for the wearer.1,2 Several factors may complicate surgical mask purchasing and selection. Surgical masks may be labeled as surgical, isolation, laser, medical procedure, or dental masks and may or may not have attached face shields.3,4 Surgical masks are regulated under 21 CFR 878.40405 as a class II device, but other face masks are not.4,5 Furthermore, even when the product label states that the device is a \"surgical mask,\" it may not have undergone US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-recommended fluid-resistance testing.1,3 This is because testing for risks to the user is recommended but not required, and alternative surgical mask risk assessments are allowed during the (501[k]) premarket notification submission process. \"1(p1081) Personnel should select the type of mask that provides the best facial fit, which may be a mask that has ties, ear loops, or elastic straps.1 Wearing a surgical mask that provides complete coverage and a snug facial fit helps to provide a physical barrier against fluids (eg, splashes, splatters, sprays) and particulate materials.1,3 Julie Cahn, DNP, RN, CNOR, RN-BC, ACNS-BC, CNSCP, is a senior perioperative practice specialist in the Nursing Department at AORN, Inc, Denver, CO.
Journal Article
Making masks
This volume shows readers how to make masks for a variety of activities such as Halloween and carnivals.
Book
Reusable Face Masks as Alternative for Disposable Medical Masks: Factors that Affect their Wear-Comfort
The coronavirus outbreak that commenced at the end of 2019 has led to a dramatic increase in the demand for face masks. In countries that are experiencing a shortage of face masks as a result of panic buying or inadequate supply, reusable fabric masks have become a popular option, because they are often considered more cost-effective and environmentally friendly than disposable medical masks. Nevertheless, there remains a significant variation in the quality and performance of existing face masks; not all are simultaneously able to provide protection against the extremely contagious virus and be comfortable to wear. This study aims to examine the influential factors that affect the comfort of reusable face masks, but not to assess the antimicrobial or antiviral potential. Seven types of masks were selected in this study and subjected to air and water vapor permeability testing, thermal conductivity testing and a wear trial. The results indicate that washable face masks made of thin layers of knitted fabric with low density and a permeable filter are more breathable. Additionally, masks that contain sufficient highly thermally conductive materials and have good water vapor permeability are often more comfortable to wear as they can transfer heat and moisture from the body quickly, and thus do not easily dampen and deteriorate.
Journal Article
I can make a mask
\"Using simple text and step-by-step instructions alongside clear, labeled photographs, this book shows how to make a selection of different bird masks\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Airborne simulation experiments showed that cotton masks, surgical masks, and N95 masks provide some protection from the transmission of infective SARS-CoV-2 droplets/aerosols; however, medical masks (surgical masks and even N95 masks) could not completely block the transmission of virus droplets/aerosols even when sealed. Guidelines from the CDC and the WHO recommend the wearing of face masks to prevent the spread of coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the protective efficiency of such masks against airborne transmission of infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) droplets/aerosols is unknown. Here, we developed an airborne transmission simulator of infectious SARS-CoV-2-containing droplets/aerosols produced by human respiration and coughs and assessed the transmissibility of the infectious droplets/aerosols and the ability of various types of face masks to block the transmission. We found that cotton masks, surgical masks, and N95 masks all have a protective effect with respect to the transmission of infective droplets/aerosols of SARS-CoV-2 and that the protective efficiency was higher when masks were worn by a virus spreader. Importantly, medical masks (surgical masks and even N95 masks) were not able to completely block the transmission of virus droplets/aerosols even when completely sealed. Our data will help medical workers understand the proper use and performance of masks and determine whether they need additional equipment to protect themselves from infected patients. IMPORTANCE Airborne simulation experiments showed that cotton masks, surgical masks, and N95 masks provide some protection from the transmission of infective SARS-CoV-2 droplets/aerosols; however, medical masks (surgical masks and even N95 masks) could not completely block the transmission of virus droplets/aerosols even when sealed.
Journal Article
Nasal High-Flow versus Venturi Mask Oxygen Therapy after Extubation. Effects on Oxygenation, Comfort, and Clinical Outcome
Abstract
Rationale
Oxygen is commonly administered after extubation. Although several devices are available, data about their clinical efficacy are scarce.
Objectives
To compare the effects of the Venturi mask and the nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy on PaO2/FiO2SET ratio after extubation. Secondary endpoints were to assess effects on patient discomfort, adverse events, and clinical outcomes.
Methods
Randomized, controlled, open-label trial on 105 patients with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio less than or equal to 300 immediately before extubation. The Venturi mask (n = 52) or NHF (n = 53) were applied for 48 hours postextubation.
Measurements and Main Results
PaO2/FiO2SET, patient discomfort caused by the interface and by symptoms of airways dryness (on a 10-point numerical rating scale), interface displacements, oxygen desaturations, need for ventilator support, and reintubation were assessed up to 48 hours after extubation. From the 24th hour, PaO2/FiO2SET was higher with the NHF (287 ± 74 vs. 247 ± 81 at 24 h; P = 0.03). Discomfort related both to the interface and to airways dryness was better with NHF (respectively, 2.6 ± 2.2 vs. 5.1 ± 3.3 at 24 h, P = 0.006; 2.2 ± 1.8 vs. 3.7 ± 2.4 at 24 h, P = 0.002). Fewer patients had interface displacements (32% vs. 56%; P = 0.01), oxygen desaturations (40% vs. 75%; P < 0.001), required reintubation (4% vs. 21%; P = 0.01), or any form of ventilator support (7% vs. 35%; P < 0.001) in the NHF group.
Conclusions
Compared with the Venturi mask, NHF results in better oxygenation for the same set FiO2 after extubation. Use of NHF is associated with better comfort, fewer desaturations and interface displacements, and a lower reintubation rate.
Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01575353).
Journal Article
Does a mask protect me if I'm the only person wearing one?
Health reporter Lenny Bernstein explains why one-way masking still offers you protection from the coronavirus.
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