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"Material characteristics"
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Playing with history : American identities and children's consumer culture
\"Since the advent of the American toy industry, children's cultural products have attempted to teach and sell ideas of American identity. By examining cultural products geared towards teaching children American identity, Playing With History highlights the changes and constancies in depictions of the American story and ideals of citizenship over the last one hundred years. The book examines political and ideological messages sold to children throughout the twentieth century, tracing the messages conveyed by racist toy banks, early governmental interventions meant to protect the toy industry, infences and pressures surrounding Cold War stories of the western frontier, and the fractures visible in the American story at a mid-century history themed amusement park. This engaging analysis culminates in a look at the successes and limitations of the American Girl Company empire\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Effect of Surface Modification on the Characteristics of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Concrete Treated with Na2CO3
Concrete with fiber as a reinforcing material is one of the important fields of research that is gaining traction in this upcoming green technology revolution. By adding fibers to concrete, the tensile strength properties are vastly improved without compromising the strength characteristics, and cost fluctuation is minimal. This research is being carried out to improve the qualities of concrete that have been infused with chemically treated sisal fiber in varied ratios. The paper investigates and describes the effects of sisal fiber when it is chemically treated and infused with concrete, comparing it to ordinary concrete in strength tests. Water absorption, workability, and other material characteristics of Sisal fiber reinforced concrete with 0.5 per cent, 1 per cent, 1.5 per cent, and 2 per cent fiber replacing cement by volume fraction and a sisal fiber aspect ratio of 1:100 are compared to the traditional M30 concrete grade. After being treated with an alkaline solution, 0.5 per cent and 1 per cent sisal fiber reinforced concrete increased tensile and compressive strength, as well as the formation of calcium carbonate deposits on the fiber interfaces; this also contributes to the concrete’s corrosion resistance and durability.
Publication
Portable property : Victorian culture on the move
\"Portable Property examines how culture bearing objects came to stand for distant people and places, creating or preserving a sense of self and community despite geographic dislocation. Victorian novels - because they themselves came to be understood as the quintessential portable property - tell the story of this change most clearly. Plotz analyzes a wide range of works, paying particular attention to George Eliot's Daniel Deronda, Anthony Trollope's Eustace Diamonds, and R. D. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. He also discusses Thomas Hardy and William Morris's vehement attack on the very notion of cultural portability. The result is a richer understanding of the role of objects in British culture at home and abroad during the Age of Empire.\"--BOOK JACKET.
Book
Modification of computer-aided modelling input data based on medium-scale fire tests of wooden beams
The aim of the paper was to optimize the settings of the material properties of a computer model describing heat transfer in a wooden beam exposed to thermal loading from a porcelain radiation panel. The methodology was based on performing medium-scale fire tests as a basis for a creation of finite element model with 6 different setups of material characteristics based on the outputs of tests. When adjusting the settings, the T-history method was used to determine a beginning and end of a phase change of the water content in the wood, a thermal conductivity was adjusted based on a density and a moisture content, and enthalpy was used instead of a specific heat. The results of the simulations were compared with the real medium-scale fire tests, which showed the importance of adjusting the input data. Based on the T-history method, the setting with a thermal conductivity value of 0.35 W·m-1·K-1 at a temperature of 114.8 °C was shown to be the best, with a coefficient of determination 98.7%.The results of the simulations showed that there could be a correlation between the moisture content of the wood and the maximum value of the thermal conductivity of the wood in the phase change of water.
Journal Article
Surface modification and functionalization by electrical discharge coating: a comprehensive review
Hard coatings are extensively required in industry for protecting mechanical/structural parts that withstand extremely high temperature, stress, chemical corrosion, and other hostile environments. Electrical discharge coating (EDC) is an emerging surface modification technology to produce such hard coatings by using electrical discharges to coat a layer of material on workpiece surface to modify and enhance the surface characteristics or create new surface functions. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of EDC technologies for various materials, and summarises the types and key parameters of EDC processes as well as the characteristics of resulting coatings. It provides a systematic summary of the fundamentals and key features of the EDC processes, as well as its applications and future trends.
Journal Article
Development of the Couple Stress Relationships for the Power Law Fluid and the Solution of Flow in Ceramic Tape Casting Process
The absence of characteristic material length in the Navier-Stokes equations has led to the development of different couple stress theories. In the present study, for the first time, the relations of a couple stress theory are extended to power-law fluids. Moreover, considering the significance of the length scale in nano- and micromechanics, the relations of the extended theory were applied to Newtonian and power-law fluids in tape casting of ceramics. The obtained velocity was used to calculate the volumetric flow rate as well as the thickness of the ceramic tape. A comparison between the results of the Newtonian fluid and the analytical and experimental results indicated a close agreement between the present results and the results of other studies. Moreover, the tape thickness was obtained for different length scales (L) by numerically solving the velocity relations obtained for the non-Newtonian fluid. Also, the impact of casting speed on the tape thickness was shown for four power-law fluids assuming L=0.35.
Journal Article
An Overview on the Rheology, Mechanical Properties, Durability, 3D Printing, and Microstructural Performance of Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites
The most active research area is nanotechnology in cementitious composites, which has a wide range of applications and has achieved popularity over the last three decades. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as possible materials to be used in the field of civil engineering. Previous research has concentrated on evaluating the effect of different NPs in cementitious materials to alter material characteristics. In order to provide a broad understanding of how nanomaterials (NMs) can be used, this paper critically evaluates previous research on the influence of rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance on cementitious materials. The flow properties of fresh cementitious composites can be measured using rheology and slump. Mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength reveal hardened properties. The necessary tests for determining a NM’s durability in concrete are shrinkage, pore structure and porosity, and permeability. The advent of modern 3D printing technologies is suitable for structural printing, such as contour crafting and binder jetting. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has opened up new avenues for the building and construction industry to become more digital. Regardless of the material science, a range of problems must be tackled, including developing smart cementitious composites suitable for 3D structural printing. According to the scanning electron microscopy results, the addition of NMs to cementitious materials results in a denser and improved microstructure with more hydration products. This paper provides valuable information and details about the rheology, mechanical properties, durability, 3D printing, and microstructural performance of cementitious materials with NMs and encourages further research.
Journal Article
Enhancing additive manufacturing with computer vision: a comprehensive review
As an all-in-one process that blended design, materials, and manufacturing, additive manufacturing (AM) adopted a bottom-up stacking approach, thereby avoiding excessive infrastructure and complex production steps. However, the different process stages of AM were influenced by multi-scale factors such as material characteristics, parameter settings, and process stability, resulting in uncertainty. Therefore, the effective containment and accurate evaluation of automated production processes were crucial. With the rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the Industry 4.0 era, computer vision (CV) techniques, as an important component, could achieve multi-level understanding of the real world through traditional machine learning (ML) and efficient deep learning (DL) approaches based on information-dense cross-media data such as images, videos, and three-dimensional models. Hence, the organic integration of CV and AM was of great significance for the virtual simulation, global perception, real-time monitoring, and quality measurement of the machining processes. According to the chronological order and logical relationship of manufacturing engineering, this paper organized and summarized the application of CV techniques in material characteristics perception and stacking process simulation before the implementation of projects, in situ inspection, and law exploration during the manufacturing processes, as well as product evaluation and defect detection after processing, which demonstrated its powerful performance and great potential in the intelligence and integration of AM.
Journal Article
Laser Surface Transformation Hardening for Automotive Metals: Recent Progress
This article discusses recent advancements in the Laser Surface Transformation Hardening (LSTH) process applied to industrial metals. It focuses on examining the microstructure of the metal surface layer and explores different methods of performing LSTH to evaluate mechanical and surface properties. The study also investigates the utilization of various industrial lasers and simulation software for the LSTH process. The careful analysis of heat transfer and temperature control during LSTH aims to prevent the generation of surface defects like micro-cracks and surface melting. Finite element method (FEM) software effectively simulates the LSTH process. The research provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in LSTH, categorized based on different metals and subsequent testing, highlighting its applications in the automotive industry. Electrochemical, wear, and microhardness tests are investigated to assess the potential applications of automotive metals.
Journal Article
Mechanical Strength of Waste Materials: A Cone Penetration Testing-Based Geotechnical Assessment for the Reclamation of Landfills
The stability and mechanical properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) deposits in closed landfills are critical for safe land reclamation and infrastructure development. This study employs Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) to evaluate the geotechnical parameters of aged waste at three closed landfill sites in central Poland. Key parameters, including shear strength, internal friction angle, density, and liquidity index, were assessed to determine slope stability and bearing capacity for future redevelopment. Due to the heterogeneous nature of MSW, CPT results were analyzed in conjunction with empirical correlations and nomograms to improve accuracy, so the parameters can be used for future numerical modeling and proposing new computational approaches for landfill body elastic and mechanical behavior predictions. The findings indicate significant variability in landfill waste mechanical properties, influenced by waste composition, decomposition stage, and compaction history. The study highlights CPT’s reliable detremination of geotechnical parameters for landfill restoration projects, particularly for infrastructure, creating the potential for green energy and sustainable development. The results contribute to improving engineering practices in landfill restoration and ensuring the long-term stability of post-closure land use. This study also contributes to obtaining reliable results on anthropogenic waste material mechanical parameters at both the material point and at the overall structural scale, benefiting future computational methods and modeling approaches for analyzing structural and geotechnical safety of such complex and demanding structures as landfills.
Journal Article