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National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Goto discusses the essay of Ashok Mathur \"Complicating Non-Indigeneities and Other Considerations Around Race in the Art and Design University.\" Many of the ideas presented in Ashok's essay have been passionately debated, existing perennially in their household, a space currently shared between her partner, Ashok, her best friend, Peter Morin, Cat, and herself. In analyzing national truth and/or reconciliation initiatives that have taken place in other parts of the globe, a pattern seems to have emerged to serve as a cautionary note in anticipation of the social relations that might arise in Canada henceforth. As Ashok has pointed out, the term \"reconciliation\" has fallen out of favor in South Africa, having as its \"theoretical successor\" problems of xenophobia.

Confrontarsi con l’acqua come ambito del progetto richiede un esercizio di sguardo e di concettualizzazione – intellettuale, grafica e spaziale – in grado di verificare e rinnovare molte delle tassonomie con cui comunemente si dispongono le forme, gli stati e i comportamenti di questa materia. Il testo che segue riflette sull’opportunità di interrogare le separazioni tra terra e acqua e volgersi piuttosto a considerare il paesaggio come un’inevitabile condizione anfibia, trovando indizi nelle ricerche di Anuradha Mathur e Dilip da Cuhna e nei progetti di alcuni luoghi iconici del patrimonio monumentale di Roma. Sebbene lontanissimi, per collocazione geografica e temporale, i due riferimenti convergono nel destabilizzare alcune convinzioni accreditate – ad esempio, l’esistenza dei fiumi, la separazione tra fiumi e città o tra edifici e spazi aperti – dimostrando che il paesaggio è il dominio dell’umidità con concentrazioni differenziate e che occorre aggiornare l’immaginario idrologico corrente per renderlo capace di generare nuovi strumenti ideativi e operativi, utili al progetto di paesaggio.

The department not only achieved the heights in clinical services in the presence of Dr. P.P.S. Mathur but also got recognition in the field of neurotrauma and spine surgery with the help of other faculty colleagues. The tireless efforts of this close associate (a second Professor) did not cease but continued uphill by formulating another neurosciences block housing four operating rooms and intensive care unit.

Dr. (Prof.) US Mathur was an innovative and visionary Head of Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine SMS Medical College, Jaipur. Even long ago, the department was complete with the most modern gadgets to investigate respiratory diseases.

Background Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is a rare form of high ano-rectal malformation (ARM) in which part of or the entire colon is replaced by a pouch with a fistula to the genito-urinary tract. According to the Saxena-Mathur classification CPC is divided into five types. Although plain abdominal radiographs are taken in infants with suspicion of CPC to detect large dilatation of the pouch, the determination of the type of CPC is made during surgical exploration. Since large variations in the length of normal colon are present in the various types, management strategy options can be determined only at the time of surgery. Objective The aim of this study was to review abdominal radiographs of children with congenital pouch colon (CPC) and evaluate their value in determining the type of CPC prior to surgical exploration to assist pre-operative planning. Materials and methods Over a 12-year period (1995–2007), CPC was documented in 80 children (52 boys and 28 girls, age range 1 day–9 years, median 2.4 days) and retrospective analysis of plain abdominal radiographs of 77 children at the time of presentation was performed. Radiographic findings were correlated with surgical findings. Results Of 77 children, 5 were excluded from the study since the pouch colon was perforated. The direction of the pouch apex was correlated with surgical findings to determine the CPC type ( P  < 0.0001, Fisher exact test). Type 1 (17/18) and type 2 CPC (18/18) were characterized by a single large pouch with the apex positioned in the left hypochondrium. In type 3 CPC (2/2) the pouch apex was directed towards the right hypochondrium. In type 4 CPC the apex of the pouch was directed towards the right hypochondrium (28/33); however in 5 children it was towards the left hypochondrium. In type 5 CPC ( n  = 1) the radiograph was inconclusive. Conclusion Plain abdominal radiographs have a predictive value in determining the type of CPC and obviating the need for an invertogram.

This volume provides the first comprehensive chronology of the earliest known stone sculptures from the north Indian city of Mathura. It includes new evidence for the reattribution of objects, emergence of the anthropomorphic Buddha image, and predominance of a heterodox sect of Jainism.