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High-temperature mechanical hysteresis in ceramic-matrix composites
\"This book focuses on mechanical hysteresis behavior in different fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), including 1D minicomposites, 1D unidirectional, 2D cross-ply, 2D plain-woven, 2.5D woven, and 3D needle-punched composites. Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are considered to be the lightweight high-temperature materials for hot-section components in aeroengines with the most potential. To improve the reliability and safety of CMC components during operation, it is necessary to conduct damage and failure mechanism analysis, and to develop models to predict this damage as well as fracture over lifetime - mechanical hysteresis is a key damage behavior in fiber-reinforced CMCs. The appearance of hysteresis is due to a composite's internal damage mechanisms and modes, such as, matrix cracking, interface debonding, and fiber failure. Micromechanical damage models and constitutive models are developed to predict mechanical hysteresis in different CMCs. Effects of a composite's constituent properties, stress level, and the damage states of the mechanical hysteresis behavior of CMCs are also discussed. This book also covers damage mechanisms, damage models and micromechanical constitutive models for the mechanical hysteresis of CMCs. This book will be a great resource for students, scholars, material scientists and engineering designers who would like to understand and master the mechanical hysteresis behavior of fiber-reinforced CMCs\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites and the Effect on Matrix Material
The impact of matrix material on the mechanical properties of natural-fiber-reinforced hybrid composites was studied by comparing their experimental, and numerical analysis results. In the present work hemp and flax fibers were used as reinforcement and epoxy resin and ecopoxy resin along with hardener were used as matrix materials. To study the influence of the matrix material, two sets of hybrid composites were fabricated by varying the matrix material. The composite samples were fabricated by using the compression-molding technique followed by a hand layup process. A total of five different composites were fabricated by varying the weight fraction of fiber material in each set based on the rule of the hybridization process. After fabrication, the mechanical properties of the composite samples were tested and morphological studies were analyzed by using SEM-EDX analysis. The flexural-test fractured specimens were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, theoretical analysis of the elastic properties of hybrid composites was carried out by using the Halpin–Tsai approach. The results showed that the hybrid composites had superior properties to individual fiber composites. Overall, epoxy resin matrix composites exhibited superior properties to ecopoxy matrix composites.
Journal Article
The application of multi-scale magnetic matrix materials in high-gradient magnetic separation: From micro- and nano- to millimeter-scale
Micro- and nano- to millimeter-scale magnetic matrix materials have gained widespread application due to their exceptional magnetic properties and favorable cost-effectiveness. With the rapid progress in condensed matter physics, materials science, and mineral separation technologies, these materials are now poised for new opportunities in theoretical research and development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these matrices, encompassing their structure, size, shape, composition, properties, and multifaceted applications. These materials, primarily composed of alloys of transition state metasl such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), and nickel (Ni), exhibit unique attributes like high magnetization rates, low eleastic modulus, and high saturation magnetic field strengths. Furthermore, the studies also delve into the complex mechanical interactions involved in the separation of magnetic particles using magnetic separator matrices, including magnetic, gravitational, centrifugal, and van der Waals forces. The review outlines how size and shape effects influence the magnetic behavior of matrices, offering new perspectives for innovative applications of magnetic matrices in various domains of materials science and magnetic separation.
Journal Article
Study of the Kinetics of Radiation Damage in CeO2 Ceramics upon Irradiation with Heavy Ions
In this work, the effect of irradiation with heavy Kr15+ and Xe22+ ions on the change in the structural and strength properties of CeO2 microstructural ceramics, which is one of the candidates for inert matrix materials for dispersed nuclear fuel, is considered. Irradiation with heavy Kr15+ and Xe22+ ions was chosen to determine the possibility of simulation of radiation damage comparable to the action of fission fragments, as well as neutron radiation, considering damage accumulation at a given depth of the near-surface layer. During the research, it was found that the main changes in the structural properties with an increase in the irradiation fluence are associated with the crystal lattice deformation distortions and the consequent radiation damage accumulation in the surface layer, and its swelling. Evaluation of the effect of gaseous swelling caused by the radiation damage accumulation showed that a variation in the ion type during irradiation results in a growth in the value of swelling and destruction of the near-surface layer with the accumulation of deformation distortions. Results of the strength variation demonstrated that the most intense decrease in the near-surface layer hardness is observed when the fluence reaches more than 1013–1014 ion/cm2, which is typical for the effect of overlapping radiation damage in the material.
Journal Article
Removal efficiency and abundance of nitrogen cycling microorganism in three bio-matrix materials to treat swine wastewater
A bio-matrix material (BMM) system is used to pretreat swine wastewater and reduce the nitrogen (N) concentration to the tolerance range of plants in constructed wetlands. In this study, rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and corn stalk (CS) were applied to treat pollutants from swine wastewater, respectively. This one year-long field experiment make up for the lack of long-term experiments and mechanistic investigations of BMM. The pollutant removal efficiency, degradation process of crop straw, and the abundance of nitrogen cycling genes were determined in different BMM systems. The results showed that the removal efficiency of COD, TN, NH
4
+
, and NO
3
−
was the best in the initial 6 months. Furthermore, RS and WS exhibited favorable annual removal efficiency of TN and NH
4
+
, which were 32.81% and 32.99%, 35.3% and 34.97%, respectively. Moreover, the removal efficiency of COD was 30.81% in three BMM systems. Meanwhile, it was found that the dry matter (DM) degradation of crop straws was fast in the first 4–5 months. The degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 94.19%, 94.36%, and 87.32%, respectively, in 1 year. The abundance of nitrogen cycling genes significantly increased by adding BMM, compared with CK (
P
< 0.05). This showed the abundance of the
hzsB
gene in RS was the highest, while
nirK
,
nirS
, AOA, and AOB were the highest in WS. The addition of RS and WS was better than that of CS in promoting the abundance of nitrogen cycling microorganisms. The results indicated that adding BMM could enhance the anaerobic ammonia oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification. This study not only extends our comprehension of BMM mechanisms in swine wastewater treatment but also serves as a guiding light for numerous farms in similar climate regions.
Journal Article
Structural Features and Properties of Multicomponent Sodium-Cesium/Rubidium Aluminoborosilicate Model Matrix Glasses of Basis Composition
Synthesis and study of the structure and various properties of Na–Cs and Na–Rb aluminoborosilicate model glasses with addition of the alkaline-earth cations have been carried out. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques have been used to establish the high degree of polymerization and noticeable structural similarity of all synthesized glasses at fixed ratio of modifying and network-forming cations. It has been shown that increasing fraction of large cations in the total content of modifying cations leads to changes in distribution of modifying cations between the silicate and borate structural units. The observed homogeneity with the similarity of anionic structure, at different content and various combinations of alkali and alkaline-earth cations, points at promising application of these glasses as a basis for synthesis of matrix materials for high-level radioactive waste disposal.
Journal Article
Engineering Sub-Nanometer Channels in Two-Dimensional Materials for Membrane Gas Separation
Sub-nanochannels constructed by stacking two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets in parallel provide a unique molecular separation pathway with excellent size-sieving ability for membrane gas separation. Herein we review the progress in engineering these 2D channels for efficient gas separation including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and MXene. Mixed matrix materials containing these 2D materials in polymers are also reviewed and compared with conventional polymers for gas separation.
Journal Article
Sol–gel matrix for YAG:Ce phosphors in pc-LEDs
Sol–gel formulations were applied to replace silicone as matrix material for phosphors in pc-LEDs. The content of organic groups was minimized in order to reduce yellowing during the operation of the elements. It was possible to evenly embed YAG:Ce particles in sol–gel binders. Further processing on LED chips resulted in operational light sources; and their performance was compared to standard silicone-based elements. Additional deposition of ALD laminates seals possible defects within the sol–gel matrix as additional protection of the phosphors and the underlying LEDs.
In lighting technology, the emission of LEDs is converted into the visible range by fluorescent particles embedded in silicone. The thermal stability of silicone limits the operating temperature and thus the light intensity. By using innovative temperature-stable sol–gel matrix materials, commercial LED chips can be operated at higher currents and thus their emission is significantly increased.
Highlights
Sol–gel matrix materials for LED phosphors were synthesized.
YAG:Ce particles were embedded in these matrices.
LED chips with improved light emission compared to standard silicone matrix could be prepared.
ALD was applied for additional phosphor encapsulation.
Journal Article
High-Temperature Interaction of Chromium–Nickel Steel with Multicomponent Matrix Borosilicate Materials
The structural chemical changes in the high-temperature contact zone of 08Kh18N10 (AISI 304H) steel and the melts of model sodium–cesium aluminoborosilicate matrix materials containing alkaline-earth element additives are studied in terms of the development of methods for highly active radioactive waste immobilization using their vitrification and storage in metallic containers (cans). The dissolution and nonuniform distribution of the steel components in the borosilicate melt and the formation (near the steel surface) of thin layers of metallic nickel and iron–chromium spinel providing the protection of the containers from further corrosion are established.
Journal Article
Matrix material selection framework for aluminium-based composites using fuzzy-AHP and TOPSIS
Selecting the right matrix material is an important part of designing aluminum-based composite systems that is often forgotten. It has a big effect on how well the system works, how easy it is to make, and how much it costs. Most current research focuses on the selection of reinforcements or processing routes, rendering the choice of matrix predominantly intuitive or data-driven. This study suggests a structured and experimentally supported way to choose matrix materials using an integrated Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. Five primary criteria—tensile strength, hardness, melting point, density, and cost—were utilized to assess prospective 7XXX-series aluminum alloys. We used fuzzy AHP to find the weights of the criteria, and then we used TOPSIS to rank the options. To confirm the decision-making result, hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites were created using the selected alloys under the same processing and reinforcement conditions. The composites were characterized experimentally by measuring their density, hardness, and tensile strength. These measurements were then used to determine the final ranking. The results consistently identified AA7075 as the best matrix material, showing that the proposed framework for designing aluminum hybrid MMCs is strong and useful in real life.
Journal Article