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result(s) for
"Matter Properties"
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Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma
\"Two children learn about four different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, and plasma) and what happens when matter changes form.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Superluminal and Slow Light Propagation in a Room-Temperature Solid
We have observed both superluminal and ultraslow light propagation in an alexandrite crystal at room temperature. Group velocities as slow as 91 meters per second to as fast as -800 meters per second were measured and attributed to the influence of coherent population oscillations involving chromium ions in either mirror or inversion sites within the crystal lattice. Namely, ions in mirror sites are inversely saturable and cause superluminal light propagation, whereas ions in inversion sites experience conventional saturable absorption and produce slow light. This technique for producing large group indices is considerably easier than the existing methods to implement and is therefore suitable for diverse applications.
Journal Article
States of matter
\"Many people are familiar with the states of matter called solid, liquid, and gas, but they may not have heard of the other two states, plasmas and Bose-Einstein condensates. In this notable book, readers will learn what all these states are as well as what happens to matter to trigger a change from one form to another. The comprehensible text is supported by clear and helpful images, diagrams, and fact boxes as well as vocabulary that serves to highlight key science terms.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Crystalline Inorganic Frameworks with 56-Ring, 64-Ring, and 72-Ring Channels
The development of zeolite-like structures with extra-large pores (>12-membered rings, 12R) has been sporadic and is currently at 30R. In general, templating via molecules leads to crystalline frameworks, whereas the use of organized assemblies that permit much larger pores produces noncrystalline frameworks. Synthetic methods that generate crystallinity from both discrete templates and organized assemblies represent a viable design strategy for developing crystalline porous inorganic frameworks spanning the micro and meso regimes. We show that by integrating templating mechanisms for both zeolites and mesoporous silica in a single system, the channel size for gallium zincophosphites can be systematically tuned from 24R and 28R to 40R, 48R, 56R, 64R, and 72R. Although the materials have low thermal stability and retain their templating agents, single-activator doping of Mn 2+ can create white-light photoluminescence.
Journal Article
Experiments with materials
Children can experience scientific concepts by using materials in their everyday world to perform safe and fun experiments.
Book
Sound and heat revolutions in phononics
The phonon is the physical particle responsible for the transmission of sound and heat; controlling the properties of phonons in materials could trigger many advances, which are reviewed here.
Prepare for the age of phononics
In the emerging research area of phononics, control over the mechanical vibrations that transmit sound and heat — phonons — plays a central role. Like photons and electrons, phonons can be treated as particles for many purposes, so can be harnessed and manipulated for useful applications. The phonon spectrum covers a wide range of effects, from low- frequency acoustics, to ultrasound and to heat, so that phononic techniques could enable a wide range of applications such as in earth quake protection, acoustics and heat management. In this review, Martin Maldovan discusses several approaches to the control of phonons at different length scales, for example phononic crystals, metamaterials, thermoelectrics and optomechanical devices. Today's digital revolution is underpinned by the high degree of control that can be imposed over electrons in semiconductors; Maldovan argues that precise control over phonons could have similar surprising and exciting consequences.
The phonon is the physical particle representing mechanical vibration and is responsible for the transmission of everyday sound and heat. Understanding and controlling the phononic properties of materials provides opportunities to thermally insulate buildings, reduce environmental noise, transform waste heat into electricity and develop earthquake protection. Here I review recent progress and the development of new ideas and devices that make use of phononic properties to control both sound and heat. Advances in sonic and thermal diodes, optomechanical crystals, acoustic and thermal cloaking, hypersonic phononic crystals, thermoelectrics, and thermocrystals herald the next technological revolution in phononics.
Journal Article
Matter and materials
Introduction to the concept of matter, including states of matter; volume and mass; and atoms, electrons, and protons. Explains microscopic properties of matter and the periodic table of elements.
Book
Spatial Homeostasis, Quantum Information Channel, and the Nature of Living Things Within the Framework of the Theory of Byuon
The nature of the origin of living matter is shown on the basis of the Byuon theory (TB) - a new non-gauge theory of the origin of the world around us. Shown are new thermal power plants created on the basis of TB, which can solve all energy and climatic problems on Earth and on the basis of which it is possible to obtain clean water for the preparation of medicines. Methods for obtaining drugs without side effects are shown. The book is useful for a wide range of readers as it concerns the origin of all living things, including humans. The book shows heat-and-power installations using new bunn energy, which can solve all the main energy problems on Earth, as well as anthropological reasons for the deterioration of the climate on Earth. The book substantiates new methods of obtaining pure drugs. The book will be interesting for all curious people: students of physical, philosophical, and medical specialties; biophysicists and physicists of various specialties; engineers, pharmacists, etc.
eBook
Is it hot or cold?
Discusses the properties of matter, focusing on hot and cold objects with definitions and examples to illustrate.
Book
Rare earth rhodium borides RRh3B (R = Y, Zr, and Nb): mechanical, thermal and optical properties
We report here ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations of structural, elastic, Peierls stress, thermodynamic and optical properties of RRh3B (R = Y, Zr and Nb) using the plane wave pseudopotential method. The materials possess better ductile behavior in comparison with a selection of layered MAX phases but the anisotropy is strong, particularly in NbRh3B. The Peierls stress, approximately 3-4 times larger than in MAX phases, show that dislocation movement may follow but with much reduced occurrences compared to MAX phases. The temperature and pressure dependence of bulk modulus, specific heats, thermal expansion coefficient, and Debye temperature are calculated for the first time for two of the three compounds using the quasi-harmonic Debye model with phononic effects for elevated temperature and pressure. The obtained results are discussed in comparison to the behavior of other related compounds. Further the features of optical functions obtained for the first time are discussed. The study reveals that the reflectivity is high in the IR-UV regions up to ~17.5 eV (YRh3B, ZrRh3B) and 20 eV (NbRh3B), thus showing promise as good coating materials.
Journal Article