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حديث سفر : مقالات الجزائر وتونس
الكتب عبارة عن مجموعة مقالات حررت خلال أسفار ماضية، لقارئ من زمن غابر، منذ ما يزيد عن القرن وربع القرن، موجهة بالدرجة الأولى للباريسي المهتم بالسياسة الاستعمارية لبلده، بينما هو في ضبابه وشتاءه البارد. أراد \"دو موباسان\" ألا ينحاز، وأن يصور الواقع كما هو، لكنه يبقى ابن بيئته، ويفلت من قلمه إراديا أو لا إراديا هفوات تنقل بالضبط صورة حية لعقليات وقت وسياسته، في زمن كان لا يزال مستقبل البلاد في غموض شديد، والخوف في فرنسا، وفي باريس تحديدا من ثورات شعبية سائدا يتجاوز القلق ببون كبير، لا سيما ثورة الشيخ بوعمامة، الشخصية التي شكلت هوسا في كتاباته، حيث أنه ومهما حاول الاقتراب منه جغرافيا، أو تصغيره إنسانيا، ظل فصلا غامضا كبيرا في جزائر الثمانينات من القرن التاسع عشر. لا أحد يحكم على التاريخ في هذه السطور. لا أحد يقرأ التاريخ أصلا، فالإنسان من النسيا
Book
The effect of audiobooks on sleep quality and vital signs in intensive care patients
Improving sleep quality in the intensive care unit is significant for the recovery process. This study investigated the effect of listening to audiobooks on sleep quality and vital signs in intensive care patients.
This quasi-experimental study utilized the pre-posttest design, involving control and intervention groups. The study was conducted in the internal medicine intensive care unit of a hospital in Turkey between January–June 2022. Standard nursing care was given to both groups on the first night, and the Sleep Evaluation Form and Richard Campbell Sleep Scale were used to measure sleep quality in the morning. On the second day, the intervention group listened to a recorded story, and the control group had standard care. Sleep quality and vital signs were measured again.
Data from 56 participants were analyzed. Noise (96.4%), light (69.6%), unfamiliar environment (64.8%), concerns about illness (33.9%), and care and treatments (58.9%) are the main causes of sleep disruption. The effect of these factors decreased in the intervention group after the Audiobook Listening Practice, which significantly improved the sleep quality of the ICU patients (p < 0.001). Among the vital signs, a significant difference was found in pulse and blood pressure (p < 0.001), while no changes were observed in temperature and respiratory rate in time group interaction (p > 0.05).
The Audiobook Listening Practice improved sleep quality and life parameters in the ICU. Nurses can use the practice to improve sleep quality in intensive care units.
Evidence-based studies are needed to improve the sleep quality of patients in intensive care units, to ensure clinical improvement, and to reduce the length of stay at hospital. The practice is effective in manipulating environmental stressors. This low-cost method significantly improves patient care activities. It is recommended to integrate such complementary activities into intensive care units, to train nurses about the practice, and to support the practice with new studies.
Journal Article
'Hence it Follows That the Actor Must Have a Double Personality': Acting and Concepts of Dissociation around 1900
In the nineteenth century, dissociative states of consciousness became a central focus of research. Techniques such as hypnosis and suggestion, along with phenomena like somnambulism and trance, played a pivotal role in shaping consciousness theory. These insights were subsequently adopted by theater theorists to deepen their understanding of the actor's capacity for transformation and character portrayal. This article examines how theater theorists integrated psychological findings on dissociation into their theoretical frameworks, leading to a redefinition of traditional concepts of identity and identification in acting. Specifically, I focus on the German theater director Max Martersteig and the English theater critic William Archer, illustrating how their work reflects broader cultural concerns regarding the performative and fluid nature of identity.
Journal Article
Poetry and photography
\"Poetry and Photography is Bonnefoy's seminal essay on the intricate connections between the two fields as they play out against the background of major works in the history of literaure. Bonnefoy is concerned not just with new concepts that photograpy introduces to the world of images but also with the ways in which literary works, such as Maupassant's short story 'The Night', perpetuate these concepts. A brief, incisive text on different forms of artistic creation, masterfully translated by Chris Turner, this volume is an invigorating read.\" --book jacket.
Book
Judging the Perle Japonaise: The Techno-Legal Separation of Culture from Nature in 1920s Paris
This article traces the making of a techno-legal apparatus to regulate a new object: the \"cultured\" pearl. In the early 1920s, round pearls cultivated on Japanese farms provoked alarm within the Paris association whose members traded more pearls than anywhere in Europe. Despite their claims to be connoisseurs of surfaces, anti-cultivation pearl dealers in Paris asserted that a pearl's identity could only be ascertained by examining its inner structure. By mid-decade, dedicated pearl testing laboratories appeared and supported French court rulings about what to call the products of Japanese pearl cultivation in relation to \"natural\" pearls. The meanings of nature and culture were not fixed, but transformed in the 1920s, amid legal and technical efforts to know la perle japonaise inside out.
Journal Article
The International Dimension of “The Death of the Lion”
This essay reconsiders some critically established ‘germs’ for Henry James’s “The Death of the Lion” (1894), traced back to the 1893 demise of Guy de Maupassant and to the latter’s only visit to England in the summer of 1886. On that occasion, Maupassant was ‘chaperoned’ by his American friend Blanche Roosevelt, a well-known literary journalist in the London and Paris circles. The unexplored connection with Roosevelt invites a new reading which gives prominence to the American woman character in the tale (Fanny Hurter) and unveils an international subtheme within it. In light of such a reading, as well as of authoritative studies which have analyzed “The Death of the Lion” against the rise of modern literary journalism, I will also re-examine the role of the first-person narrator, an unnamed ‘repented’ literary journalist, in thwarting the possible relation between Neil Paraday and his American admirer.
Journal Article
Minimal Departure and Fictional Narrative Situations
Readers understand fictional worlds at least to some extent by drawing on background knowledge of their own world. Some theories of fiction, however, hold that such realistic expectations, or processes of naturalization, are the default attitude in experiencing fictions. Thus, what Marie-Laure Ryan has called the principle of minimal departure (MD) states that readers understand fictional worlds and their components by drawing on background knowledge of their own world, unless otherwise indicated. This article is a critical examination of the relevance of the principle of MD and a contextualization of other theoretical notions of readerly attitude, including Thomas Pavel’s principles of maximal departure (MxD) and optimal departure (OD) and Kendall L. Walton’s principle of charity, within the broader framework of fictional verisimilitude and believability. The question of relevance will be discussed in relation to the idea of the contract of fiction by which is meant the knowledge that one is reading fiction. The analytic sections of this article focus on the question of fictional narrative situation, which in Ryan’s possible-worlds theory functions as the trademark of fiction—as narrators and narratees (or narrative audiences) are exempted from the operations of MD. The “impossible” narrative situations that serve as examples include Jorge Luis Borges’s loosely autobiographical story “Funes el memorioso” (1942) and two nineteenth-century French fictions: Guy de Maupassant’s short story “La nuit” (1887) and a passage from Émile Zola’s roman à thèse, Lourdes (1894).
Journal Article
Isabelle Eberhardt, Rachilde and Queer Sexualities
The myth of Pygmalion and the motif of the morte amoureuse pervade the Francophone literature of the nineteenth century. From Romantic ghosts to Decadent female corpses, male authors spin tales of necrophilia. Animated by the male lover's thoughts and desires, women are nothing more than \"dociles simulacres\", ventriloquized through the male narrator, a Pygmalion nécromancien. Within this patriarchal discourse of silenced females, Isabelle Eberhardt and Rachilde innovate the genre by giving a voice to their female characters, whether as subject (Pygmalion) or object (morte amoureuse). At a time when women were expected to write about marriage and motherhood, these quintessential rebel female figures reinvent common masculine tropes as \"gestures towards a feminist reworking of masculine myths of sexuality\". In doing so, women writers choose \"to rival their fathers, not to imitate them, to oppose rather than reaffirm patriarchal power.\"
Journal Article