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"Mauss, Marcel, 1872-1950."
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Radical Sociology of Durkheim and Mauss
In this outstanding collection, Mike Gane brings together a selection of key articles on Durkheim and Mauss showing their points of convergence and divergence. Included here are Mauss's 'A sociological assessment of Bolshevism 1924-5' and his 'Letters on Communism, Fascism and Nazism'. This is an engrossing book not only for scholars and students of Durkheim and Mauss but for anyone interested in radical social theory.
eBook
Gift exchange : the transnational history of a political idea
\"Since Marcel Mauss published his foundational essay The Gift in 1925, many anthropologists and specialists of international relations have seen in the exchange of gifts, debts, loans, concessions or reparations the sources of international solidarity and international law. Still, Mauss's reflections were deeply tied to the context of interwar Europe and the French colonial expansion. Their normative dimension has been profoundly questioned after the age of decolonization. A century after Mauss, we may ask: what is the relevance of his ideas on gift exchanges and international solidarity? By tracing how Mauss's theoretical and normative ideas inspired prominent thinkers and government officials in France and Algeria, from Pierre Bourdieu to Mohammed Bedjaoui, Gregoire Mallard adds a building block to our comprehension of the role that anthropology, international law, and economics have played in shaping international economic governance from the age of European colonization to the latest European debt crisis. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Guanxi as Social Exchange
After reviewing social exchange theory and identifying emotions as key to exchange relations the article introduces Chinese guanxi as a form of gift exchange, elsewhere treated in terms of its network attributes. The obligatory nature of exchange, noted by Mauss and extensively discussed by Blau, is explained through ‘social sentiments’ that substantiate assurance in exchange. The emotions-complexes renqing and ganqing, basic to guanxi, are outlined. Social esteem as a consequence of participation in exchange distinguishes the latter from bribery, in which coercion predominates. The article advances sociological understanding in these and associated ways by regarding exchange and guanxi as arenas of emotion practices.
Journal Article
Beyond the Opposition Between Altruism and Self-interest: Reciprocal Giving in Reward-Based Crowdfunding
Increasingly, frontiers between business and philanthropy seem to be blurred. Reward-Based Crowdfunding platforms contribute to this blurring of lines since they propose funders to support both for-profit and philanthropic projects. Our empirical paper explores the case of Ulule, the leading crowdfunding platform in Europe. Our results, based on a statistical analysis of more than 3000 projects, show that crowdfunding platforms foster specific kinds of relationships relying on reciprocal giving, beyond the usual opposition between altruistic and selfish motivations. We use the work of Marcel Mauss to account for this process of reciprocal giving, and we argue that Maussian theory of gift can be used more generally to describe funding activities in the context of early stage entrepreneurship.
Journal Article
Returning the gift : modernism and the thought of exchange
What is a gift? What do gifts mean and do? Drawing on Marcel Mauss's 1925 essay, this volume studies novels, autobiographical texts, aesthetic treatises, and political writings by Virginia Woolf, Jean Rhys, Gertrude Stein, and H.D to explore the idea of the gift in Modernist literature.
BOOK
A Maussian bargain: Accumulation by gift in the digital economy
The harvesting of data about people, organizations, and things and their transformation into a form of capital is often described as a process of “accumulation by dispossession,” a pervasive loss of rights buttressed by predatory practices and legal violence. Yet this argument does not square well with the fact that enrollment into digital systems is often experienced (and presented by companies) as a much more benign process: signing up for a “free” service, responding to a “friend’s” invitation, or being encouraged to “share” content. In this paper, we focus on the centrality of gifting and reciprocity to the business model and cultural imagination of digital capitalism. Relying on historical narratives and in-depth interviews with the designers and critics of digital systems, we explain the cultural genesis of these “give-to-get” relationships and analyze the socio-technical channels that structure them in practice. We suggest that the economic relation that develops as a result of a digital gift offering not only masks the structural asymmetry between giver and gifted but also permits the creation of the new commodity of personal data, obfuscates its true value, and naturalizes its private appropriation. We call this unique regime “accumulation by gift.”
Journal Article
Transfers
This paper reinterprets core issues in economic anthropology by exploring transfers as a theoretical resource. After describing deliberate usage of the term “transfer” in anthropology and economics, transfers are defined as movements of economic matter, while transactions are the forms arising from their configuration. Transactional categories such as Maussian gift exchange or market exchange become second-order reifications. Examining the politics of creating and sustaining transactional categories by first looking at the elementary transfers out of which they are constructed places “one-way transfers” of wealth on the same conceptual plane as reciprocal and market transactions, instead of being a derivative or a remainder of either or both. Gifts and gambling are considered as examples. Gambling and “pure gifts” are one-way transfers engineered to possess only one component transfer, and Maussian gifts explicitly connect transfers together in a particular politics. Anthropological literature that employs an incipient version of the transfer strategy is detailed, demonstrating its nascent explanatory promise. The article concludes by suggesting renewed engagement with contemporary economics on the basis of transfers.
Journal Article
Affective Toxicology of Social Media
The toxicity ascribed to social media indicates deeper systemic problems than those usually designated as its toxic ills. Although the widespread afflictions resulting from social media consumption constitute grave social problems in their own right, they allude to a dysfunctionality that precedes and transcends the individual troubles. The ill effects not only predicate toxicity, they indicate social media as both causal factor and self-perpetuating outcome by creating the conditions of reciprocal obligation and the dependency on the “Like!” which together function as the engine behind the compulsion to repeat. Platforms seek to maximize their users’ screen-time because all screen-time is unpaid productive net-work that contributes to the platform’s capital and to its bottom line. We examine the dynamics of social media toxicity as an affective affliction using Marcel Mauss’s ideas of reciprocal obligation from The Gift (1925) and Spinoza’s Ethics (1677) as a practical philosophy that sheds light on the underlying machinism of digital social platforms and the creation of value as the space-time of social networks by way of cultivating narcissism. It does not purport to be the “be-all, end-all” explanation of the phenomenon, but seeks to produce an alternative, supplemental — albeit incomplete — image of social media use.
Journal Article