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"Maxillofacial"
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An epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures: a 10-year cross-sectional cohort retrospective study of 1007 patients
Background
Epidemiological data is providing vital indicators for organizing the financial resources related to a particular type of trauma, estimating expenses and training of dental practioners and ambulatory medical staff for collaboration with a certain pattern of patients. Knowing the etiology and epidemiology of a certain pathology is significant for approaching its means of prevention.
Methods
A 10-year retrospective statistical analysis of 1007 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a University Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Romania was performed. The data were extracted from patients’ medical records. Statistical analysis was performed. A value of
p
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The incidence of maxillofacial fractures was high among patients in the 20–29 age group (35.9%). Male patients (90.57%, M:F = 9.6:1), having a low level of education (46.60%) and living in urban areas (53.50%) were more affected. The main cause of maxillofacial fractures was interpersonal violence (59.37%), both in the mandibular and midface topographic regions (
p
= 0.001,
p
= 0.002). In urban areas, fractures caused by interpersonal violence and road traffic accidents were predominant, while in rural areas, most of the fractures were due to interpersonal violence, domestic accidents, work accidents and animal attacks (
p
= 0.001).
Conclusions
Interpersonal violence is the main cause of maxillofacial fractures having epidemic proportions. Male patients aged 20–29 years with a low level of education represent the major risk category. Considering the wide area of interpersonal aggression, both the medical staff in the hospital and in the dental offices must be educated in order to collaborate with possible violent patients. Dentists must be prepared to work on a post-traumatic dento-periodontal field. Taking all measures to prevent inter-human aggression is imperative and will lead to a major decrease in maxillofacial fractures and an overall increase of oral health in a population.
Journal Article
Pediatric maxillofacial soft-tissue injuries: a retrospective analysis of 19,979 cases in a stomatology emergency department in southern China
Object
The primary aim of this study was to review the demographic characteristics and treatments of maxillofacial trauma patients treated in the Oral Emergency Department of a hospital between 2016 and 2022. This study may serve as a reference for improving emergency healthcare systems and injury prevention in pediatric populations.
Methods
We searched the records of patients who were diagnosed with maxillofacial soft tissue trauma in the hospital information systems of Shenzhen Children’s Hospital. The extracted information included sex, age, diagnosis, duration of visits, medical procedures administered and associated cost.
Results
From 2016 to 2022, a total of 19,979 maxillofacial trauma patients, including 12,500 males and 7,479 females, were admitted to the oral emergency department. The average age of these patients was 49.13±29.83 months, with an average duration of visits lasting 53.12±85.13 minutes and an associated cost average of 460.33±332.91 CNY (approximately 63 USD) per patient. Patients aged 2 years composed the majority of the population. Lip injuries were the most prevalent, while chin injuries represented the most commonly treated type. Among the emergency trauma population, 13,288 (66.51%) patients required urgent surgical operation, while 3,693 (18.48%) patients required simple dressing alone. In addition, 2,998 (15.01%) patients required follow-up only.
Conclusion
Maxillofacial soft-tissue injuries, especially to the lips and chin, dominate pediatric oral emergency visits, which requires effective and timely management. Therefore, it is crucial for our society to put more concern on maxillofacial injury prevention.
Journal Article
Bone Regenerative Medicine in Oral and Maxillofacial Region Using a Three-Dimensional Printer
Bone grafts currently used for the treatment of large bone defect or asymmetry in oral and maxillofacial region include autologous, allogeneic, and artificial bones. Although artificial bone is free from the concerns of donor site morbidity, limitation of volume, disease transmission, and ethical issues, it lacks osteogenic and osteoinductive activities. In addition, molding of the artificial bone is an issue especially when it is used for the augmentation of bone as onlay grafts. To solve this problem, additive manufacturing techniques have been applied to fabricate bones which have outer shapes conformed to patients' bones. We developed a custom-made artificial bone called a computed tomography (CT)-bone. Efficacy of CT-bone was proven in a clinical research and clinical trial, showing good manipulability, stability, and patient satisfaction. However, low replacement rate of artificial bones by endogenous bones remain an unsolved issue. Loading of cells and growth factors will improve the bone replacement by inducing osteogenic and osteoinductive activities. In addition, the three-dimensional bioprinting technique will facilitate bone regeneration by placing cells and biological substances into appropriate sites.
Journal Article
Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries in “Heratsi” No 1 university hospital in Yerevan, Armenia: a retrospective study
Background
The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the prevalence, etiologies, types of maxillofacial injuries (MFIs), sites of maxillofacial fractures (MFFs) and their management in Yerevan, Armenia.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The extracted data included age, sex, date of referral, mode of injury, etiology, radiology records and treatment methods. Study outcomes were measured using percentages, means, standard deviations and tests of proportions.
P
< .05 was considered significant.
Results
A total of 204 patients had a mean age of 36.26 ± 1.08 years (156 males and 48 females), and a total of 259 MFIs were recorded between 2017 and 2020. Interpersonal violence was found to be the most common etiology of MFFs in this study (42.1%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTAs) (27.9%) and falls (18.6%). The nasal bone was the most common injury site (47.5%), followed by the mandible (31.4%) and zygomatic complex (11.7%). The most common fracture site was the mandibular angle (37.9%), followed by the symphysis/parasymphysis (28.1%) and body (12.6%). Isolated soft tissue injuries were reported in 5.9% of the cases. The majority of MFFs were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.
Conclusion
Interpersonal violence, followed by RTAs and falls, was the most common cause of MFIs. Males in the 21–30 years age group had the highest MFI incidence rate. The nasal bone was the most common injury site, followed by the mandible and zygomatic complex. Social education with the objective of reducing aggression and interpersonal conflict should be improved, and appropriate RTA prevention strategies should be strengthened and implemented.
Journal Article