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"Media Selection"
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Supreme democracy : the end of elitism in Supreme Court nominations
\" In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Supreme Court nominations were driven by presidents, senators, and some legal community elites. Many nominations were quick processes with little Senate deliberation, minimal publicity and almost no public involvement. Today, however, confirmation takes 81 days on average-Justice Antonin Scalia's former seat has already taken much longer to fill-and it is typically a media spectacle. How did the Supreme Court nomination process become so public and so nakedly political? What forces led to the current high-stakes status of the process? How could we implement reforms to improve the process? In Supreme Democracy: The End of Elitism in the Supreme Court Nominations, Richard Davis, an eminent scholar of American politics and the courts, traces the history of nominations from the early republic to the present. He examines the component parts of the nomination process one by one: the presidential nomination stage, the confirmation management process, the role of the Senate Judiciary Committee, and the increasing involvement over time of interest groups, the news media, and public opinion. The most dramatic development, however, has been the democratization of politics. Davis delves into the constitutional underpinnings of the nomination process and its traditional form before describing a more democratic process that has emerged in the past half century. He details the struggle over image-making between supporters and opponents intended to influence the news media and public opinion. Most importantly, he provides a thorough examination of whether or not increasing democracy always produces better governance, and a better Court. Not only an authoritative analysis of the Supreme Court nomination process from the founding era to the present, Supreme Democracy will be an essential guide to all of the protracted nomination battles yet to come.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Coping strategies initiated by COVID-19-related stress, individuals' motives for social media use, and perceived stress reduction
PurposeThis study examined whether individuals' coping strategies and their motivations for social media use act as mediators between actual COVID-19-related stress and the perception that social media use can reduce stress.Design/methodology/approachThis study empirically develops and tests a research model with data (N = 503) collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk. A path analysis was used to test the research model.FindingsThe path analysis indicated that active coping initiated by individuals under COVID-19-related stress was more likely to be associated with information and social interaction needs, leading the individuals to perceive the use of social media as the cause for stress reduction. The expressive support coping strategy motivated the individuals under stress to seek social interaction, leading individuals to perceive that activities on social media reduced their stress during the pandemic. Emotional venting and avoidance coping strategies significantly impacted escape, social interaction, and entertainment seeking by allowing individuals to get absorbed in social media activities and forget unpleasant thoughts associated with the pandemic.Originality/valueNo previous study has explored the relationship between decisions around the type of coping strategy used and motivations for media usage, which leads to stress reduction. Understanding how stress-induced coping strategies influence social media users' specific motivations and reduce users' stress levels would help communicators understand how users' can encourage individuals to cope with stress by presenting individuals with more effective social media, resulting in stress reduction and improved well-being.
Journal Article
The effect of digital literacy towards the selection of social science teacher learning media
Selection of the proper media is one of the teacher’s duties in teaching. It must be followed by several aspects, one of which is teacher’s ability in digital literacy to keep up with the developments of today's all-digital era. This research proposes to examine the effects of digital literacy levels on the selection of learning media for social science teachers. The method used was correlational quantitative, with data collection applying questionnaires and document studies. The analysis technique was in the form of simple linear regression. The results point out that there is a significant effect between digital literacy on the selection of social science teacher learning media. The result of the regression equation is Y = 0.553 + 0.119X. Meanwhile, the result of hypothesis testing from the T-Test and F-Test shows that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.
Journal Article
A genre structure analysis of prefaces in Chinese teaching materials
The preface, or editorial summary, is a crucial explanatory text at the start of teaching materials, typically written by the editor. It provides essential background on editing objectives, processes, style, and content, holding true for Chinese language teaching materials. As a researcher and editor of Chinese language teaching materials, I recognize the preface's significance. Despite scarce models, it serves as a vital reference for understanding material content, posing challenges in its composition. Extensive research exists on Chinese language teaching materials, but prefaces are understudied, impacting material selection for educators and learners. This study underscores investigating prefaces in Chinese language teaching materials, focusing on genre structure and linguistic features across Taiwan, China, and the United States. Three main steps - introduction, main text, and conclusion - with 22 sub-steps were identified. While main steps are consistent, variations in sub-step composition and positioning highlight considerable flexibility in preface writing. The research aims to provide empirical evidence for comparative preface analysis, offering insights for material selection and preface writing. It significantly contributes to aiding Chinese language educators and learners in material reading and selection while assisting editors in crafting more comprehensive prefaces.
Journal Article
The influence of multimedia development knowledge and workplace pressures on the design decisions of the instructional designer
This study explored the interaction of multimedia production competencies of expert and novice instructional designers on the design decisions made during the instructional design process/workflow. This multiple measures study used qualitative survey instruments to access and measure the production competencies of participants, then a design aloud protocol to capture and measure the instructional design decision-making process for those same participants. A follow-on interview after the initial design aloud session was conducted in order to triangulate and confirm any trends or findings uncovered during the earlier design aloud session. Ultimately, the objective of this study was to provide some evidence that suggests whether certain production skills are influencing instructional design decision-making. Employer influence on the instructional designer's decision-making was also explored. Results indicated that a substantial number of instructional designers (n=30) who participated in this study were selecting media as a preliminary step in their workflow process, and were often then using analysis as a measure to confirm the early media selection. Expert instructional designers appeared to be less susceptible to the early media selection behavior, though not immune. Results indicate that one reason the expert instructional designers were less likely to adopt media as a preliminary instructional design step was that the experts conducted a more diverse set of analysis activities. Additionally, results indicated that instructional designers were often experiencing pressure to adopt media based on employer demands, and project constraints such as budget and time.
Journal Article
Efficient Large-Scale Internet Media Selection Optimization for Online Display Advertising
In today's digital market, the number of websites available for advertising has ballooned into the millions. Consequently, firms often turn to ad agencies and demand-side platforms (DSPs) to decide how to allocate their Internet display advertising budgets. Nevertheless, most extant DSP algorithms are rule-based and strictly proprietary. This article is among the first efforts in marketing to develop a nonproprietary algorithm for optimal budget allocation of Internet display ads within the context of programmatic advertising. Unlike many DSP algorithms that treat each ad impression independently, this method explicitly accounts for viewership correlations across websites. Consequently, campaign managers can make optimal bidding decisions over the entire set of advertising opportunities. More Importantly, they can avoid overbidding for impressions from high-cost publishers, unless such sites reach an otherwise unreachable audience. The proposed method can also be used as a budget-setting tool, because it readily provides optimal bidding guidelines for a range of campaign budgets. Finally, this method can accommodate several practical considerations including consumer targeting, target frequency of ad exposure, and mandatory media coverage to matched content websites.
Journal Article
Refuting student teachers’ misconceptions about multimedia learning
Prior research indicates that student teachers frequently have misconceptions about multimedia learning. Our experiment with
N
= 96 student teachers revealed that, in contrast to standard texts, refutation texts are effective to address misconceptions about multimedia learning. However, there seems to be no added benefit of making “concessions” to student teachers’ prior beliefs (i.e., two-sided argumentation) in refutation texts. Moreover, refutation texts did not promote the selection of appropriate multimedia material. This study suggests that refutation texts addressing multimedia-learning misconceptions should be applied in teacher education. Yet, further support seems needed to aid the application of the corrected knowledge.
Journal Article
An improved hybrid ontology-based approach for online learning resource recommendations
In recent years, online learning has become more and more popular. However, because of information overload, learners often find it difficult to retrieve suitable learning resources. Although many scholars have proposed excellent online learning resource recommendation algorithms, the accuracy of personalized recommendation results still needs to be improved. This study proposes an improved hybrid ontology-based approach for online learning resource recommendations, combining collaborative filtering algorithm and sequential pattern mining (SPM) techniques. Ontology can be used effectively for knowledge representation to avoid cold start and data sparsity problems. And the history of learners’ sequential access patterns helps in providing recommendations that are more consistent with the law of learning activities. Experimental results reveal that our improved hybrid approach for learning resource recommendations yields better performance and recommendation quality than other related algorithms. Compared with previous research outcomes, our collaborative filtering engine, with ontology domain knowledge, makes full use of the historical learning paths of similar learners. The ontology construction in this study has a more reliable theoretical basis and the selection of features is more representative. In addition, improvement of the SPM process further improves the efficiency of our recommended algorithm.
Journal Article
Shocktainment Techniques in the Mirror, a British Daily Tabloid: Linguocultural Features of news and semantic-cognitive Analysis of Leading Concepts
This study analyzed 300 news articles from the online version of the British daily tabloid The Mirror. Quantitative analysis showed that shocktainment elements are present in 150 news articles out of 300. The results showed that some shocktainment categories are either incompletely presented or lose to other categories. At the same time, the techniques of familiarity (800), absurdity (908), outrage (5,105), influence (4,200), and persuasion (1,101) are used much less frequently than others. The study proved that the authors of the articles actively use shocktainment techniques since they allow the authors to explain the linguocultural features of the country to the readers easily and understandably. The analysis also revealed the main topics that are disclosed in news articles with the use of shocktainment and trigger cognitive processes in readers. The study results can help to correct theoretical and empirical gaps in the research on news media discourse.
Journal Article
Evaluating Digital Instructional Materials for K-12 Online and Blended Learning
With the large increase in online instruction, including remote instruction with online materials during the COVID-19 pandemic, there also was an increase in the use of instructional materials that were made to be displayed online or were digitized for online use. However, teachers have not had access to guidance about how to select and evaluate online instructional materials for classroom use. The lack of guidance has the potential to harm historically excluded populations of students and could frustrate teachers as they learn to teach with digital materials. The purpose of this paper is to share the 4A Framework for evaluating online instructional materials. The framework is organized around the premise that quality online instructional materials are accessible, promote active engagement, advocate for inclusion, and are accountable for their relationships to standards and data privacy. Each feature is discussed and examples of teacher work in applying the framework are shared.
Journal Article