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Background With increasing trend of internet use in all age groups, whether internet use can prevent frailty in middle-aged and older adults remains unclear. Methods Five cohorts, including Health and Retirement Study (HRS), China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), and Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), were used in this study. Internet use, social isolation, and frailty status was assessed using similar questions. The Generalized estimating equations models, random effects meta-analysis, COX regression, and mediation analysis were utilized. Results In the multicohort study, a total of 155,695 participants were included in main analysis. The proportion of internet use was varied across countries, ranging from 5.56% in China (CHARLS) to 83.46% in Denmark (SHARE). According to the generalized estimating equations models and meta-analysis, internet use was inversely associated with frailty, with the pooled ORs (95%CIs) of 0.72 (0.67,0.79). The COX regression also showed that participants with internet use had a lower risk of frailty incidence. Additionally, the association was partially mediated by social isolation and slightly pronounced in participants aged 65 and over, male, not working for payment, not married or partnered, not smoking, drinking, and not co-residence with children. Conclusions Our findings highlight the important role of internet use in preventing frailty and recommend more engagements in social communication and activities to avoid social isolation among middle-aged and older adults.

Investigating the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of problematic WeChat use(PWU) holds significant promise for preemptively addressing and mitigating such behaviors among college students, thereby fostering improvements in their mental well-being. The present study aims to characterize PWU and to examine differences in social support and life satisfaction potentially across these profiles. In addition, this study also employs latent profile analysis to delve into the influence of social support and life satisfaction on PWU among college students. Using convenience sampling, a sample of 7000 Chinese college students from three universities completed a questionnaire assessing social support, PWU and life satisfaction. The latent profile analysis identifed six PWU profiles, which were labelled as lowest, very lower, low PWU and high, very higher, highest PWU. Moreover, life satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationship between social support and PWU, but this effect exhibited significant differences across PWU risk groups. Specifically, in the very low and very high PWU groups, the indirect effect value of life satisfaction was the highest, and it significantly mediated the impact of social support on PWU. Second, in the lowest, low, and high PWU groups, the indirect effect of life satisfaction was lower, yet it still significantly mediated the relationship between social support and PWU. However, for the highest group, the aforementioned mediating pathway was completely non-significant (indirect effect = -0.01, 95% CI = [-0.02, 0.02], P  > 0.05), indicating that life satisfaction did not mediate the relationship between social support and PWU in this group. This study offers valuable insights for alleviating the adverse consequences associated with PWU, thereby fostering enhanced mental health outcomes among this demographic.

The role of m6A modification in kidney transplant-associated immunity, especially in alloimmunity, still remains unknown. This study aims to explore the potential value of m6A-related immune genes in predicting graft loss and diagnosing T cell mediated rejection (TCMR), as well as the possible role they play in renal graft dysfunction. Renal transplant-related cohorts and transcript expression data were obtained from the GEO database. First, we conducted correlation analysis in the discovery cohort to identify the m6A-related immune genes. Then, lasso regression and random forest were used respectively to build prediction models in the prognosis and diagnosis cohort, to predict graft loss and discriminate TCMR in dysfunctional renal grafts. Connectivity map (CMap) analysis was applied to identify potential therapeutic compounds for TCMR. The prognostic prediction model effectively predicts the prognosis and survival of renal grafts with clinical indications ( < 0.001) and applies to both rejection and non-rejection situations. The diagnostic prediction model discriminates TCMR in dysfunctional renal grafts with high accuracy (area under curve = 0.891). Meanwhile, the classifier score of the diagnostic model, as a continuity index, is positively correlated with the severity of main pathological injuries of TCMR. Furthermore, it is found that METTL3, FTO, WATP, and RBM15 are likely to play a pivotal part in the regulation of immune response in TCMR. By CMap analysis, several small molecular compounds are found to be able to reverse TCMR including fenoldopam, dextromethorphan, and so on. Together, our findings explore the value of m6A-related immune genes in predicting the prognosis of renal grafts and diagnosis of TCMR.

Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students. With 13 invalid samples excluded, 724 college students participated in our survey and completed questionnaires. The average age of 724 samples was 19.8 ± 2.02 including freshman to senior year and graduate school and above; 31.9% of the participants were male and 68.1% were female. SPSS 25.0 and Hayes' PROCESS macro were used for statistical description, correlation analysis and built multiple mediation models. Appearance anxiety can not only directly affect depression, but also indirectly affect depression through three significant mediating pathways: (1) IS (B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.082-0.132]), which accounted for 49.77% of the total effect, (2) SS (B = 0.018, 95% CI [0.008-0.031]), which accounted for 8.45% of the total effect, and (3) IS and SS (B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.003-0.014]), which accounted for 3.76% of the total effect. And the total mediating effect was 61.97%. It is a cross-sectional research method and the causal relationship is unclear. This study found that lower interpersonal sensitivity and higher social support can effectively reduce depression caused by appearance anxiety among college students. The schools and relevant departments should take measures to reduce the interpersonal sensitivity of college students and establish reliable social support, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression.

Background Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae are associated with Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes and have been found to possess anti-plasmodial properties, making them suitable candidates to explore for bacteria-mediated disease/vector control. Their natural growth trends in the mosquito particularly after the host has fed on sugar and blood is required to deepen our understanding of how they can be effectively utilized in vector/disease control. Methods In this study, we employed a time-course experiment to investigate the dynamics of S. marcescen s and E. cloacae in An. gambiae s.l mosquitoes over a 48-h period after feeding. Absolute bacterial counts were estimated using quantitative PCR (qPCR) on cDNA obtained from total RNA from mosquitoes and, with standard curves from bacterial isolates. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was employed to investigate the interaction effects of diet and time on the bacteria trends while accounting for non-linear trends and repeated measures (random effects for ID). Results We show that E. cloacae are constitutively ~ 2000-fold more abundant in both sugar and blood fed mosquitoes than S. marcescens . In sugar-fed mosquitoes, both bacterial species are generally in equilibrium except at 2 h after the sugar meal when S. marcescens dips significantly ( p  = 0.03). E. cloacae remain remarkably stable at ~ 10 7  CFU/mL over 24–48 h in sugar- and blood-fed mosquitoes, while S. marcescens demonstrate non-linear growth dynamics ( p  = 0.02) in response to blood meal characterized by a sharp increase from a lower initial baseline (10 3  CFU/mL) to a peak of 10 5  CFU/mL at ~ 19 h post–blood meal, representing ~ 100-fold increase in its abundance. Conclusion Contrary to the general perception that members of Enterobacteriaceae increase after the mosquito blood feeds, our results provide evidence that Serratia but not Enterobacter naturally proliferates following a blood meal. This highlights that the choice of microbes for disease/vector biocontrol strategies must be informed by the specific growth kinetics of the candidate species. This work also hints on a multi-species consortium approach as a probable robust strategy for biocontrol.

Background/Objectives: We aimed to identify neonatal circulating metabolic alterations associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to explore whether these altered metabolites could mediate the association of GDM with offspring neurodevelopment. Additionally, we investigated whether neonatal circulating metabolites could improve the prediction of offspring neurodevelopmental disorders over traditional risk factors. Methods: The retrospective cohort study enrolled 1228 mother–child dyads in South China. GDM was diagnosed at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Neonatal circulating amino acids and lipid metabolites (carnitines) were measured from newborn heel blood 3–7 days postpartum. Offspring neurodevelopment was assessed at age 1 year using the Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Examination Scale. Neurodevelopmental disorders were defined as developmental delay in any domain of the scale. Results: Twenty-one metabolites associated with GDM were identified, consisting of seven amino acids and fourteen carnitines. Among these metabolites, five (glycine, myristicylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, octadecadienoylcarnitine, and 3-hydroxypalmitylcarnitine) mediated the negative association of GDM with offspring neurodevelopment at 1 year (mediation proportions: 3.91–10.66%). Furthermore, six metabolites (glycine, methionine, malonylcarnitine, isovalerylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, and octadecadienoylcarnitine) significantly increased the predictive performance for offspring neurodevelopmental disorders at 1 year over five traditional risk factors including GDM, parity, infant sex, birth weight, and feeding patterns (area under curve: 0.762 vs. 0.718, p = 0.012). Conclusions: GDM was associated with a variety of amino acid and lipid metabolic alterations in neonatal circulation, among which certain metabolites mediated the association of GDM with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Moreover, some neonatal circulating metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers that improved the prediction of offspring neurodevelopmental disorders over GDM and other traditional risk factors.

The direct synthesis of long-chain α-olefins from syngas offers a strategically vital pathway for producing high-value chemicals from alternative carbon resources. However, achieving high selectivity toward C5+ olefins remains challenging due to competing paraffin formation and difficulties in precisely regulating chain growth kinetics. To mitigate these critical challenges, a series of Rh-promoted Co-Mn catalysts supported on SiO2 were synthesized using a carbon-mediated impregnation strategy for the direct conversion of syngas to long-chain α-olefins (C5+). The introduction of Rh significantly enhanced both catalytic activity and C5+ olefin selectivity. The optimal 1.1 wt% Rh-loaded catalyst achieved 24.6% CO conversion and 46.0% total olefin selectivity, with 34.2% of the selectivity toward C5+ olefins, while maintaining low CH4 (6.2%) and CO2 (<1%) selectivity. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including XRD, H2-TPR, XPS, and TEM/HAADF-STEM, revealed that the carbon-mediated method facilitated the formation of highly dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles with abundant oxygen vacancies and strengthened the Co-MnOx interface. Rh promotion modulated the cobalt speciation (Co0/Co2+), improved reducibility, and enhanced the metal-support interaction. This promoted chain growth and olefin desorption while suppressing over-hydrogenation. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Rh promotion and carbon mediation in designing high-performance Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for selective α-olefin synthesis, offering new insights into the design of efficient metal-oxide interfacial catalysts.

Background Trichomonas vaginalis is a widespread and important sexually transmitted pathogen. Adherence to the surface of the host cell is the precondition for the parasitism and pathogenicity of this parasite. Trichomonas vaginalis adhesion protein 33 (TvAP33) plays a key role in the process of adhesion, but how this protein mediates the adhesion and pathogenicity of T. vaginalis to host cells is unclear. Methods The expression of TvAP33 in trophozoites was knocked down by small interfering RNA. VK2/E6E7 cells and mice infected with T. vaginalis were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis . We constructed a complementary DNA library of VK2/E6E7 cells and screened the protein molecules interacting with TvAP33 by the yeast two-hybrid system. The interaction between TvAP33 and BNIP3 (Bcl-2 interacting protein 3) was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization. Results Following knockdown of TvAP33 expression, the number of T. vaginalis trophozoites adhering to VK2/E6E7 cells decreased significantly, and the inhibition of VK2/E6E7 cell proliferation and VK2/E6E7 cell apoptosis and death induced by T. vaginalis were reduced. Animal challenge experiments showed that the pathogenicity of trophozoites decreased following passive immunization with TvAP33 antiserum or blocking of the TvAP33 protein. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TvAP33 could bind to VK2/E6E7 cells. Eighteen protein molecules interacting with TvAP33 were identified by the yeast two-hybrid system. The interaction between TvAP33 and BNIP3 was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization. When the expression of both TvAP33 and BNIP3 in trophozoites was knocked down by small RNA interference, the number of T. vaginalis adhering to VK2/E6E7 cells and the inhibition of VK2/E6E7 cell proliferation were significantly lower compared to trophozoites with only knockdown of TvAP33 or only BNIP3. Therefore, the interaction of TvAP33 and BNIP3 in the pathogenesis of T. vaginalis infecting host cells is not unique and involves other molecules. Conclusions Our study showed that the interaction between TvAP33 and BNIP3 mediated the adhesion and pathogenicity of T. vaginalis to host cells, providing a basis for searching for drug targets for T. vaginalis as well as new ideas for the prevention and treatment of trichomoniasis. Graphical Abstract

Thousands of rescue and recovery workers descended on the World Trade Center (WTC) in the wake of the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 (9/11). Recent studies show that respiratory illness and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the hallmark health problems, but relationships between them are poorly understood. The current study examined this link and evaluated contributions of WTC exposures. Participants were 8508 police and 12 333 non-traditional responders examined at the WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program (WTC-MMTP), a clinic network in the New York area established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore patterns of association among exposures, other risk factors, probable WTC-related PTSD [based on the PTSD Checklist (PCL)], physician-assessed respiratory symptoms arising after 9/11 and present at examination, and abnormal pulmonary functioning defined by low forced vital capacity (FVC). Fewer police than non-traditional responders had probable PTSD (5.9% v. 23.0%) and respiratory symptoms (22.5% v. 28.4%), whereas pulmonary function was similar. PTSD and respiratory symptoms were moderately correlated (r=0.28 for police and 0.27 for non-traditional responders). Exposure was more strongly associated with respiratory symptoms than with PTSD or lung function. The SEM model that best fit the data in both groups suggested that PTSD statistically mediated the association of exposure with respiratory symptoms. Although longitudinal data are needed to confirm the mediation hypothesis, the link between PTSD and respiratory symptoms is noteworthy and calls for further investigation. The findings also support the value of integrated medical and psychiatric treatment for disaster responders.