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Emergence of Terbinafine Resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Iran, Harboring Mutations in the Squalene Epoxidase ( SQLE ) Gene
and
are important causative agents of superficial mycoses, demonstrating emergent antifungal drug resistance. We studied the antifungal susceptibility profiles in Iranian isolates of these two species.
A total of 96
and 45
isolates were subjected to molecular typing by ribosomal ITS region. Antifungal susceptibility profiles for terbinafine, griseofulvin, clotrimazole, efinaconazole, luliconazole, amorolfine and ciclopirox were obtained by CLSI broth microdilution method. The squalene epoxidase (
) gene was subjected to sequencing for mutations, if any, in isolates exhibiting elevated MICs for terbinafine.
Luliconazole and efinaconazole showed the lowest MIC values against
and
isolates. There were five isolates with terbinafine MICs ≥32 µg/mL in our sample. They belonged to
type VIII and harbored two alternative
gene sequence variants, leading to Phe397Leu and Ala448Thr or Leu393Ser and Ala448Thr substitutions in the enzyme. All terbinafine resistant strains could be inhibited by luliconazole and efinaconazole.
This study documented a step in the global spread of resistance mechanisms in
. However, treatment alternatives for resistant isolates were available.
Journal Article
Doctoral students' well-being: a literature review
Purpose: Doctoral student well-being is an important matter that shapes the well-being of academics throughout their careers. Given that well-being has been found to be closely related to employee productivity and efficiency, strategies associated with maintaining well-being during PhD studies might be crucial for higher education, its outcomes and-just as importantly-for a balanced life of PhD students.
Method: Based on 17 studies, this literature review critically assesses the literature on doctoral student well-being.
Results: Theoretical models, concepts of well-being, and methods applied are discussed, as are the results of the articles. The reviewed studies are then discussed based on a SWOT analysis addressing the strengths and weaknesses of the reviewed research as well as the identified opportunities and threats, which can be used as a basis for future research. Based on the review findings and the SWOT analysis, a multidimensional view of the well-being of doctoral students is proposed.
Conclusions: The study proposes a more student-centred approach to meeting doctoral students' needs, and the enhancement of doctoral student well-being in order, as a long-term goal, to improve academics' well-being and productivity.
Journal Article
Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes
About 10% of people older than 70 years of age carry one or more mutations in their hematopoietic cells, and these persons have a higher relative risk of a hematologic cancer (by a factor of 11) and of death from cardiovascular disease (by a factor of 2.0 to 2.6).
Cancer is thought to arise through the stepwise acquisition of genetic or epigenetic changes that transform a normal cell.
1
Hence, the existence of a premalignant state bearing only the initiating lesions may be detectable in some persons who have no other signs of disease. For example, multiple myeloma is frequently preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance,
2
and chronic lymphocytic leukemia is commonly preceded by monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis.
3
Several lines of evidence have suggested that clonal hematopoiesis resulting from an expansion of cells that harbor an initiating driver mutation might be an aspect of the aging hematopoietic system. Clonal hematopoiesis . . .
Journal Article