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Cancer Entangled
Cancer Entangled explores the shifts that took place in Denmark around the millennium, when health promoters set out to minimize delays in cancer diagnoses in hope of improving cancer survival. The authors suggest a temporal reframing of cancer control that emphasizes the importance of focusing on how people – potential patients as well as health care professionals – experience and anticipate cancer before a diagnosis or a prediction has been made. This argument compellingly challenges and augments anthropological work on cancer control that has privileged attention to the productive role of science and technology and to life with cancer or cancer risk. By offering rich ethnographic insights into the introduction of the first cancer vaccine, cancer signs and symptoms, public discourses on delays, social class and care seeking, cancer suspicion in the clinic, as well as the work on fast-track referral – the book convincingly situates cancer control in an ethical registrar involving attention to acceleration and time, showing how cancer waiting times become an index of the \"state of the nation\".
eBook
Correction: Exposure to mass media chronic health campaign messages and the uptake of non-communicable disease screening in Ghana
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302942.].
Journal Article
Correction: An eight-year follow-up on auditory outcomes after neonatal hearing screening
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297363.].
Journal Article
Pre-Participation Evaluation of Recreational and Competitive Athletes – A Systematic Review of Guidelines and Consensus Statements
Background
Pre-participation evaluation (PPE) aims to support safe participation in sports. The goal of this systematic review was to aggregate evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the PPE of recreational or competitive athletes as preparation for developing a German guideline on this subject.
Methods
Five databases, including MEDLINE, were searched in August 2022, complemented by searches on the websites of relevant guideline organisations and specialty medical associations and citation screening. We included guidelines/consensus statements with recommendations for PPE of adult recreational athletes or competitive athletes of any age, excluding those with certain chronic illnesses. We extracted and synthesised data in a structured manner and appraised quality using selected domains of the AGREE-II tool.
Results
From the 6611 records found, we included 35 documents. Overall, the quality of the included documents was low. Seven documents (20%) made recommendations on the entire PPE process, while the remainder focussed on cardiovascular screening (16/35, 45.7%) or other topics. We extracted 305 recommendations. Of these, 11.8% (36/305) applied to recreational athletes and 88.2% (269/305) applied to athletes in organised or competitive sports. A total of 12.8% (39/305) of recommendations were directly linked to evidence from primary studies.
Conclusion
Many recommendations exist for PPE, but only a few are evidence based. The lack of primary studies evaluating the effects of screening on health outcomes may have led to this lack of evidence-based guidelines and contributed to poor rigour in guideline development. Future guidelines/consensus statements require a more robust evidence base, and reporting should improve.
Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022355112.
Key Points
Pre-participation evaluation aims to prevent possible harm during sports and later damage caused by exertion.
High-quality evidence for the effect of pre-participation evaluation on patient-relevant outcomes is lacking.
Recommendations in current guidelines and consensus statements are mostly consensus-based and focus on competitive athletes.
In the absence of clear benefits of certain evaluation components, choosing the best option depends on how individuals value the benefits and risks involved; shared decision-making should be the norm.
Journal Article