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Despite its richness as a potential research field, the history of medicine in Portugal has received relatively little attention outside the country. This book develops some of the understudied themes of Portuguese medical history and delivers them to a wider audience by bringing together the work of a group of international scholars. Here, a unique set of innovative studies begins to uncover details of the lives, medical practice and research of some famous and less well-known Portuguese physicians, the Portuguese response to past pandemics, and analyses of a wide range of items of medical material culture and materia medica. The contributions here elucidate topics as wide-ranging as Graeco-Roman medicine and surgery, the history of spectacles, defence against plague and other epidemics, the history of medicinal emeralds and cinchonine, and echoes of the first female forensic physician in Portugal. This book will appeal to all those with an interest in the history of science, and especially those who enjoy the history of medicine and pharmacy.

\"Based on current medical research, Native American and naturopathic doctor Nicole Redvers identifies traditional healing methods developed centuries ago that address modern ailments and medical processes\"-- Provided by publisher.

Objective: We aimed to detect rates of metabolic syndrome and overweight, patients screened for obesity within the scope of the Disease Management Platform (DMP). Methods: This cross‐sectional study was completed with 387 patients who were examined for fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and high‐density lipoprotein levels, waist circumference, blood pressure measurements, chronic diseases, body mass index, and medication use. Results: In total of whom 387 underwent blood tests as recommended by the DMP. The mean age and body mass index were 55.26 ± 14.50 years and 27.02 ± 3.69 kg/m 2 , respectively. While 26.6% of the patients had normal weight, 56.1% had overweight. Metabolic syndrome was present in 52.2% of the patients. Conclusion: The significant increases in the rates of overweight and metabolic syndrome have drawn attention in the community. Therefore, family physicians necessitate additional platforms, such as the DMP, to effectively combat metabolic syndrome and overweight, a pivotal initial step in tackling obesity.

Subcommittee on Survey of Nuclear Medicine Practice in Japan has performed a nationwide survey of nuclear medicine practice every 5 years since 1982 to survey contemporary nuclear medicine practice and its changes over the years. The subcommittee sent questionnaires, including the number and category of examinations as well as the kind of the radiopharmaceuticals during the 30 days of June 2022 to all nuclear medicine institutes in Japan. The total numbers of them for the year 2022 were estimated depends on the 1-month data. A total of 1095 institutes responded to the survey, including 364 positron emission tomography (PET) centers. The recovery rate was 90.6%. The number of gamma cameras installed was 1299 in total, with 2.5% decrease in 5 years. Dual-head cameras and hybrid SPECT/CT scanners accounted for 83.8% and 35.5%, respectively. The number of single-photon tracer studies in 2022 was 1.11 million which means increase in 2.7% in 5 years. Bone scintigraphy was a leading examination (31.0%), followed by myocardial scintigraphy (27.1%) and cerebral perfusion study (23.8%) in order. The percentage of SPECT studies showed an increase from 63.5% in previous survey to 66.8% in this survey. PET centers have also increased from 389 to 412, as compared with the previous one. One hundred and twenty-two PET centers have installed one or two in-house cyclotrons. Increasing trends of the PET studies were observed from 1992 to 2017, the trend changed and PET studies showed 1.5% decrease in 5 years. 18 F-FDG accounted for 98.6% (610,497 examinations). PET examinations using 11 C-methionine, 13 N-NH 3 and 11 C-PIB have decreased, with 1624, 2146 and 525 examinations, respectively in 2022. The total number of nuclear medicine examination was eventually increased by 1.0%. Therapies for pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PPGL) with 131 I-MIBG and for neuroendocrine tumor with 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE were newly started, however, a total number of targeted radionuclide therapy was decreased by 17.7% because 131 I-radioiodine and 223 Ra targeted therapies were decreased and supply of some radioisotopes was discontinued. 131 I-radioiodine targeted therapy showed a decrease in 5 years (− 15.9%), including 4099 patients for thyroid cancer. The number of out-patient thyroid bed ablation therapy with 1110 MBq of 131 I was also decreased to 1015 per year. The number of admission rooms specialized for radionuclide targeted therapy increased from 157 to 160. The number of 223 Ra targeted therapies for castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) was 1041 patients. This survey was performed during COVID-19 pandemic, however, total number of nuclear medicine examinations was almost same as previous survey (+ 1.0%). Radionuclide therapies with 131 I-MIBG and 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE were newly started, and new radionuclide therapy will be available in future, therefore, the development of radionuclide therapy will be continued. We are convinced that this survey report is useful in understanding the current status of the nuclear medicine practice in Japan, and in devising the new strategy to strengthen a role of nuclear medicine.

Objective: To retrospectively identify the factors associated with eye disorders and diseases. Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in Bursa Uludag University Family Health Center in Turkey between 1-30 September 2023. The data of individuals who were registered with the Family Health Center and whose eye disorders and diseases were known were evaluated retrospectively. Eye disorders and diseases, sociodemographic findings, existing diseases, allergies, cancer, genetic disease conditions, and steroid use were obtained. Results: Around 3658 people; 1849 males (50.5%) and 1809 females (49.5%) participated in the study. The mean age of the individuals was 26.98±10.22 years. It was determined that 1594 (43.6%) of the participants had at least one eye disorder and/or disease and 1511 (41.3%) wore glasses and/or contact lenses. In 1594 (43.6%) patients with eye disorders or diseases, 41% had refractive disorders. It was determined that the rate of eye diseases is higher in women, smokers, and obese people, those with a family history of eye diseases, those with allergic and chronic diseases, those with genetic diseases, and those who use steroids (p=0.04). Conclusion: It is noteworthy in terms of eye health that nearly half of the participants have at least one eye disorder and/or disease, and nearly half of them use glasses and/or contact lenses. It is also important that eye disorders and diseases are seen more together with smoking, obesity, allergies, genetic and chronic diseases, and steroid use. We emphasize the holistic approach of family medicine and the importance of cooperation with other clinics in terms of eye health. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9728 How to cite this: Goktas O. Factors associated with eye disorders and diseases: A retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):176-181.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9728 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objective: To examine the relationship between Hepatitis B vaccination status and demographic and hepatitis B markers of individuals receiving healthcare services. Methods: The study designed in a retrospective structure using quantitative research methods was conducted with a total of 1837 individuals including medical school students and other healthcare professionals (975 female, 862 male) aged 19-77 who were registered to the Family Health Center between March 1, 2023, and March 31, 2023. In the study, sociodemographic characteristics, infancy and adult full-dose hepatitis-B vaccines, and marker laboratory measurements of these individuals who were registered to the Family Health Center were examined. SPSS 25.00 program was used for statistical analysis and the level of significance was determined as 0.05. Results: In general, the rate of three doses of vaccination in infancy was 55.1%. Vaccine doses administered to individuals were one with 15.1%, two with 22.9%, and three with 62.1%. In the study, it was determined that anti-HBs levels before and after vaccination differed significantly according to vaccine doses (p=0.01). It was determined that the anti-HBs levels of the three doses vaccine group were 100 and above (p=0.01). Conclusion: Although the Universal Hepatitis-B Vaccination Program was followed in our study, it was determined that antibody levels in healthcare workers decreased or ended over time, and hepatitis-B antibody levels increased significantly with each dose of vaccine administered. For this reason, it is of great importance to determine regular antibody levels and develop standard vaccination programs, especially in healthcare workers. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8371 How to cite this: Goktas O. Hepatitis-B immune status and vaccination in Family Medicine Practice: A retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1163-1167. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8371 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.