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A Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics workshop in July 2019 directed attention to the Hubble constant discrepancy. New results showed that it does not appear to depend on the use of any one method, team or source. Proposed solutions focused on the pre-recombination era.

Two-dimensional materials have revolutionized the field of photonics by enabling the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. As their potential continues to grow, we can expect to see more innovative applications emerging in the future.

Neuromorphic photonic systems mimicking biological neurons promise to boost the efficiency of light-based computing.

Semiconductor sources of mid-infrared and terahertz radiation are now tackling an increasingly diverse range of applications.

From biophotonics to chiral behaviour, research into organic LEDs is thriving and expanding into new areas.

Light-based processing and machine learning featured heavily in San Diego at the 2024 SPIE Optics + Photonics conference. Enthusiasm was coupled with questions related to the real-world applicability and the merits of linear vs non-linear, and all-optical vs hybrid, approaches.

The US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases hosted a two-day virtual workshop on skin microbial communities and their interactions with the host immune system in health and disease. The aim of the workshop was to evaluate the current state of knowledge in the field and identify gaps, challenges, and future directions.

On 15–16 November 2021, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) hosted a virtual workshop on DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicases in health and disease. The goal of the workshop was to review current advances, and identify knowledge gaps and future research to improve our understanding of the function of RNA helicases, and leverage these molecules as molecular targets with translational potential.

On November 7th and 8th, 2022, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI), The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and the Wellcome Trust hosted a virtual workshop entitled “Mucosal Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Scientific Gaps and Opportunities.” During the workshop, researchers and vaccine developers from around the world discussed the potential of mucosal vaccines to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission and reviewed the status of SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine research. Here, we summarize key challenges and opportunities in basic, translational, and clinical research that were highlighted during the meeting. We also provide recommendations to advance the field and accelerate the development of mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.

The EMBO workshop ‘Pathogen Immunity and Signaling’, held in San Servolo, Italy, from 8 to 12 April 2024, aimed to discuss cutting-edge advances in the understanding of antimicrobial defense mechanisms.