Explore the vast range of titles available.

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate on the basis of inhabitants’ perception the overall composite and aggregated scores of two major sporting events held in Ergo Arena hall, on the border of Gdańsk and Sopot, in northern Poland. The indirect aim is to identify the determinants affecting the monetary offers of the locals of the two cities. The research results unveil that major sporting events may determine the appearance of intangible social effects which are eagerly valued by the citizens of host cities. The resident’s valuation ranges between 6,08 PLN (1,96 USD) and 11,29 PLN (3,64 USD) for intangible benefits, while between 1,75 PLN (0,56 USD) and 2,21 PLN (0,71 USD) for intangible costs, depending on the city and the event. The results determines an increase in the values of intangible net benefits. The amount of net intangible benefit is much lower than in the case of mega sporting events. Nevertheless, it is more likely to host many major sporting events in a short time in one place. The regression analysis shows that the decision to allocate funds to support the Championships in 2016 and 2017 in Gdańsk/Sopot was made by people with high incomes, who expressed an interest in sport, but not necessarily in the sports discipline, and perceived intangible benefits, in particular civic pride and the feel-good factor. In turn, the level of WTPcost was particularly high among people with high incomes who perceived the threats connected with the hosting of a major sporting event.

This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the scale measuring the psychic income of hosting sport training camps associated with mega-sporting events, specifically in the context of the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Data were collected through an online survey, with a total of 188 valid samples (35.6%). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 5 factors and 22 items. The factors were (1) community pride, (2) community attachment, (3) event excitement, (4) infrastructure improvement, and (5) community excitement. A final 18-item model was used to measure the validity and goodness-of-fit of the scale measuring psychic income. This study demonstrated the scale's versatility to be translated from measuring psychic income associated with mega-sporting events to measuring psychic income in the context of hosting training camps. The indicated scale may help verify the effect of hosting training camps academically and practically.

Olympic event zones are characterized as being intensely formally regulated during live staging periods, producing exclusionary environments blamed for sidelining host community interests. Yet, our findings contradict what scholars perceive to be inflexible formal regulations, and, the regulator's ability to take informal action. By interviewing and drawing on the experience of 17 regulators during London 2012 we identify how regulators simultaneously oscillate between modes of regulatory formality and informality, straddling what is referred to as the \"formality-informality span.\" Our application and theorization of these concepts critiques existing explanations of how regulation is enacted in mega-sporting events, providing new insights into the way organizers balance regulatory demands and potentially opening up new emancipatory policies and more equitable outcomes for host communities.

This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the scale measuring the psychic income of hosting sport training camps associated with mega sporting events, specifically in the context of the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Data were collected through an online survey, with a total of 188 valid samples (35.6%). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 5 factors and 22 items. The factors were (1) community pride, (2) community attachment, (3) event excitement, (4) infrastructure improvement, and (5) community excitement. A final 18-item-model was used to measure the validity and goodness-of-fit of the scale measuring psychic income. This study demonstrated the scale’s versatility to be translated from measuring psychic income associated with mega sporting events to measuring psychic income in the context of hosting training camps. The indicated scale may help verify the effect of hosting training camps academically and practically.

Background: Migrant construction workers involved in building infrastructure for mega-sporting events face elevated risks of illness and death. However, specific health outcomes for these workers have not been systematically reviewed, limiting opportunities to identify and address their challenges. Methods: This study systematically reviewed health outcomes among migrant construction workers involved in mega-sporting events. Results: 89 eligible studies involving 23,307 workers were identified. Of these, only 11 directly addressed specific health outcomes, including heat stress, occupational fatalities, and sexually transmitted infections. Notably, increased heat exposure during peak construction phases and the proximity of deadlines for mega-sporting events were correlated with elevated rates of occupational fatalities. Other key adverse factors impacting migrant construction workers’ health included an observed correlation between the timing of mega-sporting events and increased occupational fatalities, the involvement of labor recruiters, and shifting health and safety responsibilities among stakeholders (e.g., host states, event organizers, contractors, and recruitment agencies). Positive outcomes were observed when workers voluntarily engaged in non-mandatory safety activities, such as safety training programs and awareness meetings. Conclusions: There is a critical need for longitudinal and comparative studies to comprehensively examine the health of migrant workers throughout all stages of their journey, from pre-migration to return. This review underscores the urgency of prioritizing evidence-based policies that address unique health risks in this population, including mitigation of heat stress and enforcement of occupational safety standards, particularly amid construction spikes preceding mega-sporting events. Recommendations: Future research should prioritize understanding the unique health challenges faced by migrant workers to inform policy making, develop effective interventions, and implement best practices to improve their health and well-being.

This study aimed to examine whether residents perceived impacts related to non-mega-sporting events (NMSE) varied in overall attitude and event support between preevent and postevent. In order to verify the impacts of NMSE, this study used the framework of triple bottom line, which was classified impacts as economic, sociocultural, and environmental. Data collection were conducted 1 month prior to the Kobe Marathon (October 1-16, 2014) and 1.5 months after the Kobe Marathon (January 8-27, 2015). Of the 1,080 municipal advisors asked to participate in the presurvey, 550 completed the questionnaire. Of the 1,059 municipal advisors that were also asked to participate in postsurvey, 466 returned the questionnaire. The results showed that positive sociocultural impact and economic impact are perceived to improve the overall attitude toward the Kobe Marathon and event support for the Kobe Marathon pre- and postsurvey. The results also indicated that positive overall attitude toward the Kobe Marathon improves residents' support for NMSE before and after this event. The results presented evidence that residents have a clear awareness of the event impacts on overall attitude toward the Kobe Marathon and possess greater support for the event after, rather than before.

Mega-sporting events have long been perceived as an exciting way to gather people to attend the performance of top athletes and as a chance for stakeholders to benefit from various kinds of impacts. However, sport events are now facing increasing criticism. The goal of this study is to examine how organizing committees can benefit from the destination image to positively influence sport events' image and intention to recommend. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature the following variables have been measured: destination image, event image, event recommendation, tourist satisfaction. During the UEFA Euro 2016 held in France, 725 questionnaires were collected. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the construct validity, followed by a SEM to test the hypothesized relations. We found that destination image positively influences event image, and that event image positively influences event recommendation and tourist satisfaction. However, destination image did not have a significant influence on tourist satisfaction. This study points out the need for sport events' right holders to pay attention to image factors in selecting the host territory because the latter can influence the perception of the event.

With the adoption of the concept of sustainable development, mega sports events (MSEs) are gradually aiming to be greener and to lower their carbon footprints. As such, does the hosting of MSEs provide an opportunity for urban green transformation? Taking MSEs in China as a quasi-natural experiment and using prefecture-level panel data from 2000 to 2020, we empirically explored the effects and mechanisms of MSE hosting on the green economic development in urban areas by applying a time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The findings revealed that the hosting of MSEs can significantly increase the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the host city, indicating that MSEs promote the green transformation of urban areas. The results of the mechanism analysis showed that hosting MSEs promotes urban green transformation through three channels: encouraging residents to choose public transport, promoting the development of the digital economy, and upgrading of the industrial structure. In addition, the effect of hosting MSEs on green transformation is stronger in cities where the public is more concerned about the environment. We argue that host city governments should implement the concept of green sports when organizing MSEs, increase public concern about the environment, focus on the development of urban public services, and vigorously develop tertiary industries to drive urban green transformations.

Introduction: Sports tourism is undoubtedly a type of tourism that moves large masses of soci-ety as spectators and consumers. This research work was carried out in the town of Santa Ur-sula Coapa, Mexico City, which is the Azteca Stadium, it will be the inaugural stadium for the next World Cup 2026 of soccer sport.Objective: To analyze prospective scenarios by approaching the main actors involved in the town of Santa Ursula Coapa, so that it can be considered to implement the most realistic sce-nario for the 2026 World Cup mega event.Methodology: The methodology for the Political Analysis and Prospective Scenarios Project (PAPEP) was used, which comes from the Prospective Analysis Manual for Sustainable Devel-opment, created by the United Nations Development Program and which complies with objec-tive 17 (Peace, justice and strong institutions) of the 2030 Agenda. 22 interviews, 4 visits to the study area, and video calls with non-governmental organizations were carried out from 2022 to 2024.Results: 4 prospective scenarios were obtained, which explain how a certain category could behave in a specific context.Discussion: The concepts referring to sporting events, present a certain limitation, since the prospective from the qualitative is still being constructed, finding ambivalences in sport tour-ism.Conclusions: The proposed scenario called “the closest to reality”, would allow the coexistence between the population, tourists and the government, forming cultural groups and information modules that would allow for a better understanding of the local population. Introducción: El turismo deportivo, es sin duda un tipo de turismo que mueve a grandes masas de la sociedad como espectadores y consumidores. El presente trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en la localidad de Santa Úrsula Coapa, Ciudad de México; que alberga el Estadio Azteca, el cuál será sede inaugural para el próximo mega evento deportivo Copa del Mundo 2026Objetivo: analizar los escenarios de prospectiva a partir del acercamiento a los principales ac-tores involucrados en localidad de Santa Úrsula Coapa, con el fin de que pueda ser considerado para implementar el escenario más realista para el mega evento Copa del Mundo 2026. Metodología: Se utilizó la metodología paraProyecto de Análisis Político y Escenarios Prospec-tivos (PAPEP), que proviene del Manual de Análisis Prospectivo para el Desarrollo Sostenible, creado por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo y, que cumple con el objetivo 17 (Paz, justiciae instituciones sólidas) de la Agenda 2030. Se llevaron a cabo 22 entrevistas, 4 visitas a la zona de estudio, y video llamadas con organizaciones no gubernamentales del año 2022 al 2024.Resultados: se obtuvieron 4 escenarios de prospectiva, los cuales explican de qué manera se puede llegar a comportar cierta categoría en un contexto en específico.Discusión: Los conceptos referentes a eventos deportivos, presentan una cierta limitante, ya que la prospectiva desde lo cualitativo aún se construye, encontrando ambivalencias en el tu-rismo deportivo.Conclusiones: El escenario propuesto denominado “los más cercano a la realidad”, se permitiría la convivencia entre la población, los turistas y el gobierno, conformando grupos culturales y módulos de información que operen antes y durante el evento deportivo, con el fin de mitigar conflictos sociales y que los turistas se lleve una buena imagen del evento.

This paper examines the bus rapid transit (BRT) legacies of mega sporting events (MSEs) held in the Global South cities of Cape Town and Rio de Janeiro. It discusses the extent to which these transport systems have been operationally sustainable, post-MSE; in other words, their ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level and hence their ability to act as public good as planned and according to specific needs. It argues that in both cities, long-term operational challenges have emerged due to conflictual temporalities between the priorities of the MSE and the mid/long term requirements of a transport system, supplemented by a poor spatial contextualisation of BRT design. These include financial viability, providing a service with appropriate frequency and capacity, integration with other transport systems, and resilience to external shocks such as extreme weather. These findings have key academic and policy implications both by opening further areas of research towards MSEs as a tool to deliver sustainable urban transport, and provides important lessons for future MSE hosts and cities considering BRT.